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澳門特別行政區法例 |
通過《關於防止和懲處侵害應受國際保護人員包括外交代表的罪行的公約》，以待批准：
第一條——共和國議會根據《憲法》第一百六十四條j項及第一百
六十九條第五款之規定，議決通過一九七三年十二月十四日聯合國大會所通過之《關於防止和懲處侵害應受國際保護人
員包括外交代表的罪行的公約》，以待批准；該公約之英文正本及葡文譯本均附於本決議。
第二條——就公約之文本作以下保留：
葡萄牙不因根據申請國之法律可處死刑之事實，或無期
徒刑之事實，或相等於永久性保安處分之違法行為而作引渡。
一九九四年一月十三日通過
共和國議會議長 António Moreira Barbosa de Melo
（一九九四年五月五日第104期《共和國公報》第一組—A）
The States Parties to this Convention:
Having in mind the purpose and principles of the Charter of the United Nations concerning the maintenance of international peace and the promotion of friendly relations and co-operation among States;
Considering that crimes against diplomatic agents and other internationally protected persons jeopardizing the safety of these persons create a serious threat to the maintenance of normal international relations which are necessary for co-operation among States;
Believing that the commission of such crimes is a matter of grave concern to the international community;
Convinced that there is an urgent need to adopt appropriate and effective measures for the prevention and punishment of such crimes;
have agreed as follows:
For the purposes of this Convention:
1) «Internationally protected person» means:
a) A Head of State, including any member of a collegial body performing the functions of a Head of State under the constitution of the State concerned, a Head of Government or a Minister for Foreign Affairs, whenever any such person is in a foreign State, as well as members of his family who accompany him;
b) Any representative or official of a State or any official or other agent of an international organization of an intergovernmental character who, at the time when and in the place where a crime against him, his official premises, his private accommodation or his means of transport is committed, is entitled pursuant to international law to special protection from any attack on his person, freedom or dignity, as well as members of his family forming part of his household;
2) «Alleged offender» means a person as to whom there is sufficient evidence to determine prima facie that he has committed or participated in one or more of the crimes set forth in article 2.
1 — The intentional commission of:
a) A murder, kidnapping or other attack upon the person or liberty of an internationally protected person;
b) A violent attack upon the official premises, the private accommodation or the means of transport of an internationally protected person likely to endanger his person or liberty;
c) A threat to commit any such attack;
d) An attempt to commit any such attack; and
e) An act constituting participation as an accomplice in any such attack;
shall be made by each State Party a crime under its internal law.
2 — Each State Party shall make these crimes punishable by appropriate penalties which take into account their grave nature.
3 — Paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article in no way derogate from the obligations of States Parties under international law to take all appropriate measures to prevent other attacks on the person, freedom or dignity of an internationally protected person.
1 — Each State Party shall take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the crimes set forth in article 2 in the following cases:
a) When the crime is committed in the territory of that State or on board a ship or aircraft registered in that State;
b) When the alleged offender is a national of that State;
c) When the crime is committed against an internationally protected person as defined in article 1 who enjoys his status as such by virtue of functions which he exercises on behalf of that State.
2 — Each State Party shall likewise take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over these crimes in cases where the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite him pursuant to article 8 to any of the States mentioned in paragraph 1 of this article.
3 — This Convention does not exclude any criminal jurisdiction exercised in accordance with internal law.
States Parties shall co-operate in the prevention of the crimes set forth in article 2, particularly by:
a) Taking all practicable measures to prevent preparations in their respective territories for the commission of those crimes within or outside their territories;
b) Exchanging information and co-ordinating the taking of administrative and other measures as appropriate to prevent the commission of those crimes.
1 — The State Party in which any of the crimes set forth in article 2 has been commited shall, if it has reason to believe that an alleged offender has fled from its territory, communicate to all other States concerned, directly or through the Secretary-General of the United Nations, all the pertinent facts regarding the crime committed and all available information regarding the identity of the alleged offender.
2 — Whenever any of the crimes set forth in article 2 has been comitted against an internationally protected person, any State Party which has information concerning the victim and the circumstances of the crime shall endeavour to transmit it, under the conditions provided for in its internal law, fully and promptly to the State Party on whose behalf he was exercising his functions.
1 — Upon being satisfied that the circumstances so warrant, the State Party in whose territory the alleged offender is present shall take the appropriate measures under its internal law so as to ensure his presence for the purpose of prossecution or extradition. Such measures shall be notified without delay directly or through the Secretary-General of the United Nations to:
a) The State where the crime was committed;
b) The State or States of which the alleged offender is a national or, if he is a stateless person, in whose territory he permanently resides;
c) The State or States of which the internationally protected person concerned is a national or on whose behalf he was exercising his functions;
d) All other States concerned; and
e) The international organization of which the internationally protected person concerned is an official or an agent.
2 — Any person regarding whom the measures referred to in paragraph 1 of this article are being taken shall be entitled:
a) To communicate without delay with the nearest appropriate representative of the State of which he is a national or which is otherwise entitled to protect his rights or, if he is a stateless person, which he requests and which is willing to protect his rights; and
b) To be visited by a representative of that State.
The State Party in whose territory the alleged offender is present shall, if it does not extradite him, submit, without exception whatsoever and without undue delay, the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution, through proceedings in accordance with the laws of that State.
1 — To the extent that the crimes set forth in article 2 are not listed as extraditable offences in any extradition treaty existing between States Parties, they shall be deemed to be included as such therein. States Parties undertake to include those crimes as extraditable offences in every future extradition treaty to be concluded between them.
2 — If a State Party which makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may, if it decides to extradite, consider this Convention as the legal basis for extradition in respect of those crimes. Extradition shall be subject to the procedural provisions and the other conditions of the law of the requested State.
3 — States Parties which do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognize those crimes as extraditable offences between themselves subject to the procedural provisions and the other conditions of the law of the requested State.
4 — Each of the crimes shall be treated, for the purpose of extradition between States Parties, as if it had been committed not only in the place in which it occurred but also in the territories of the States required to establish their jurisdiction in accordance with paragraph 1 of article 3.
Any person regarding whom proceedings are being carried out in connexion with any of the crimes set forth in article 2 shall be guaranteed fair treatment at all stages of the proceedings.
1 — States Parties shall afford one another the greatest measure of assistance in connexion with criminal proceedings brought in respect of the crimes set forth in article 2, including the supply of all evidence at their disposal necessary for the proceedings.
2 — The provisions of paragraph 1 of this article shall not affect obligations concerning mutual judicial assistance embodied in any other treaty.
The State Party where an alleged offender is prosecuted shall communicate the final outcome of the proceedings to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall transmit the information to the other States Parties.
The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the application of the Treaties on Asylum, in force at the date of the adoption of this Convention, as between the States which are parties to those Treaties; but a State Party to this Convention may not invoke those Treaties with respect to another State Party to this Convention which is not a party to those Treaties.
1 — Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which is not settled by negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court.
2 — Each State Party may at the time of signature or ratification of this Convention or accession thereto declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 1 of this article. The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 1 of this article with respect to any State Party which has made such a reservation.
3 — Any State Party which has made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article may at any time withdraw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
This Convention shall be opened for signature by all States, until 31 December 1974, at United Nations Headquarters in New York.
This Convention is subject to ratification. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
This Convention shall remain open for accession by any State. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
1 — This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the date of deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification or accession with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2 — For each State ratifying or acceding to the Convention after the deposit of the twenty-second instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification or accession.
1 — Any State Party may denounce this Convention by written notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2 — Denunciation shall take effect six months following the date on which notification is received by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States, inter alia:
a) Of signatures to this Convention, of the deposit of instruments of ratification or accession in accordance with articles 14, 15 and 16 and of notifications made under article 18;
b) Of the date on which this Convention will enter into force in accordance with article 17.
The original of this Convention, of which the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall send certified copies thereof to all States.
本公約締約國，
念及聯合國憲章關於維持國際和平和促進各國間友好關係及合作的宗旨和原則，
認為侵害外交代表和其他應受國際保護人員的罪行危害到這些人員的安全，構成對各國間合作所必要的正常國際關係的維持的嚴重威脅，
相信這些罪行的發生是國際社會嚴重關心的問題，
深信制定防止和懲處這些罪行的適當和有效措施實有迫切需要，
茲議定條款如下：
為本公約的目的：
1. “應受國際保護人員”是指：
（a）一國元首、包括依關係國憲法行使國家元首職責的一個集體機構的任何成員、或政府首長、或外交部長，當他在外國境內時，以及他的隨行家屬：
（b）在侵害其本人或其辦公用館舍、私人寓所或其交通工具的罪行發生的時間或地點，按照國際法應受特別保護，以免其人身、自由或尊嚴受到任何攻擊的一國的任何代表或官員或政府間性質的國際組織的任何官員或其他代理人，以及與其構成同一戶口的家屬：
2. “嫌疑犯”是指有充分證據可以初步斷定為犯有或參與第2條所列舉的一項或數項罪行的人。
1. 每一締約國應將下列罪行定為其國內法上的罪行，即故意：
（a）對應受國際保護人員進行謀殺、綁架、或其他侵害其人身或自由的行為；
（b）對應受國際保護人員的公用館舍、私人寓所或交通工具進行暴力攻擊，因而可能危及其人身或自由；
（c）威脅進行任何這類攻擊；
（d）企圖進行任何這類攻擊；
（e）參與任何這類攻擊為從犯。
2. 每一締約國應按照這類罪行的嚴重性處以適當的懲罰。
3. 本條第1款及第2款並不在任何方面減除締約國依據國際法採取一切適當措施，以防止應受國際保護人員的人身、尊嚴受其他侵害的義務。
1. 每一締約國應採取必要措施，以確定其在下列情況下對第2條第1款所列舉的罪行的管轄權：
（a）所犯罪行發生在本國領土之內或在本國登記的船隻或飛機上時；
（b）嫌疑犯是本國國民時；
（c）所犯罪行是對因代表本國執行第1條所規定的職務而享 有應受國際保護地位的人員所犯時。
2. 每一締約國應同樣採取必要措施，於嫌疑犯在本國領土內，而本國不依第8條規定將該犯引渡至本條第1款所指明的國家時，對這些罪行確定其管轄權。
3. 本公約並不排除依照國內法行使的刑事管轄權。
各締約國應特別以下列方式進行合作，以防止第2條所列舉的罪行：
（a）採取一切切實可行的措施，以防止在各該國領土內策劃在其領土以內或以外實施這些罪行；
（b）交換情報，並協調為防止這些罪行發生而採取的適當行政或其他措施。
1. 境內發生第2條所列舉的任何罪行的締約國如有理由相信嫌疑犯已逃離其領土，應將有關所發生罪行的一切事實及可以獲得的一切關於嫌疑犯身分的情報，直接或經由聯合國秘書長送達所有其他有關國家。
2. 遇有對應受國際保護人員發生第2條所列舉的任何罪行時，擁有關於受害人和犯罪情況的情報的任何締約國應設法按照其國內法所規定的條件，充分和迅速地將此種情報遞送該受害人代表執行職務的締約國。
1. 嫌疑犯所在地的締約國確信情況有此需要時，應採取其國內法所規定的適當措施保證嫌疑犯留在其領土內，以便進行起訴或引渡。這種措施應該立即直接或經由聯合國秘書長通知：
（a）犯罪地國家；
（b）嫌疑犯隸籍的一國或數國，如為無國籍人士時，其
永久居住地國；
（c）有關的應受國際保護人員隸籍的一國或數國，或其代表執行職務的國家；
（d）所有其他有關國家；
（e）有關的應受國際保護人員充任官員或代理人的國際組織。
2. 對任何人員採取本條第1款規定的措施時，此種人員有權：
（a）立即與其隸籍國，或有權保護其權利的其他國家，或如為無國籍人時經其請求而願意保護其權利的國家距離最近的適當代表取得聯絡；
（b）並由該國代表前往探視。
締約國於嫌疑犯在其領土內時，如不予以引渡，則應毫無例外，並不得不當稽延，將案件交付主管當局，以便依照本國法律規定的程序提起刑事訴訟。
1. 在各締約國之間的任何現行引渡條約未將第2條斯列舉的罪行列為應該引渡的罪的範圍內，這些罪行應視為屬於應該引渡的罪。締約國承允將來彼此間所訂的每一引渡條約中都將這些罪行列為應該引渡的罪。
2. 以訂有條約為引渡條件的締約國從未與該締約國訂立引渡條約的另一締約國接到引渡要求時。如果決定引渡，得視本公約為對這些罪行進行引渡的法律根據。引渡須依照被要求國法律所規定的程序和其他條件辦理。
3. 不以訂有條約為引渡條件的締約國應承認這些罪行為彼此間應該引渡的罪，但須依照被要求國法律所規定的程序和其他條件辦理。
4. 為便於各締約國之間進行引渡起見，每一罪行應視為不但發生於實際犯罪地點，而且發生於依照第3條第1款規定必須確定其管轄權的國家的領土內。
任何人因第2條所列舉的任何罪行而被提起訴訟時，應保證他在訴訟的一切階段中受到公平待遇。
1. 各締約國應就為第2條所列舉的罪行提起的刑事訴訟彼此提供最大限度的協助，包括供給締約國所有而為訴訟所必需的一切證據。
2. 本第1款的規定不影饗任何其他條約所載關於互相提供司法協助的義務。
對嫌疑犯提起刑事訴訟的締約國應將訴訟的最後結果送達聯合國秘書長。聯合國秘書長應將這項資料轉送其他締約國。
本公約各項規定不影饗本公約制定之日業已生效的庇護條約在那些條約締約國間的施行；但本公約一締約國不得對並非那些庇護條約締約國的本公約另一締約國援引那些條約。
1. 兩個以上締約國間在本公約的解釋或適用上所發生的任何爭端，如未經以談判方式解決，經締約國一方要求，應交付仲裁。如果自要求仲裁之日起六個月內當事各方不能就仲裁的組成達成協議，任何一方得依照國際法院規約提出請求，將爭端提交國際法院處理。
2. 各締約國於簽署或批准本公約或加入本公約時，得宣布不受本條第1款的拘束。對於提出這項保留的任何締約國，其他締約國亦不受本條第1款的拘束。
3. 依照本條第2款的規定提出這項保留的任何締約國，得向聯合國秘書長發出通知，隨時撤回這項保留。
本公約應聽由所有國家於1974年12月31日以前在紐約聯合國總部簽署。
本公約須經批准。批准書應送交聯合國秘書長保管。
本公約應聽由任何國家隨時加入。加入書應送交聯合國秘書長保管。
1. 本公約於第二十二份批准書或加入書送交聯合國秘書長保管後第三十天發生效力。
2. 對於在第二十二份批准書或加入書交存後批准或加入本公約的國家，本公約應於該國批准書或加入書交存後第三十天發生效力。
1. 任何締約國均可以書面通知聯合國秘書長退出本公約。
2. 退約應於聯合國秘書長接到通知之日起六個月後發生效力。
聯合國秘書長尤應將下列事項通知所有國家：
（a）依照第14條對本公約的簽署，依照第15條和第16條交存批准書或加入書，以及依照第18條所作的通知；
（b）依照第17條本公約發生效力的日期。
本公約正本應送交聯合國秘書長保管，其中文、英文、法文，俄文及西班牙文各本同一作準。聯合國秘書長應將本公約正式副本送致所有國家。
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URL: http://www.macaulites.org/chi/mo/legis/laws/20940