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The Ministry of Railways Notice of the Ministry of Railways Concerning Promulgating Measures for the Administration of Examination and Approval of Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Venture and Contractual Joint Venture Projects within the Railway System Tie Wai [1998] No.54 The relevant units under the Ministry of Railways: Measures for the Administration of Examination and Approval of Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Venture and Contractual Joint Venture Projects within the Railway System are hereby promulgated and please carry out. The Ministry of Railways May 4, 1998 Measures for the Administration of Examination and Approval of Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Venture and Contractual Joint Venture Projects within the Railway System Chapter I General Provision
Article 1 These Measures are formulated in compliance with such relevant laws and regulations as the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprises, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-foreign Contractual Joint Ventures, the Law of Railways, etc. with a view to further expanding the opening of the railway system to the outside world, to making better use of foreign direct investment, whereby upgrading the level of technological equipment and the level of administration of the railway transportation industry, and of standardizing the examination and approval, and administration of Chinese-foreign equity joint venture and contractual joint venture projects within the railway system, to promote the healthy development of Chinese-foreign equity joint venture or of Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture enterprises.
Article 2 The term "Chinese-foreign equity joint venture and contractual joint venture projects" used in these Measures refers to Chinese-foreign equity joint venture enterprises, the Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture enterprises, as well as other forms of foreign investment projects established within the territory of China between railway entities enjoying corporate person status and foreign investors (hereinafter referred to as joint venture projects or joint venture enterprises).
Article 3 The Chinese-foreign joint venture projects within the railway system shall abide by the following principles: (1) The projects shall accord with the government's Interim Regulations for Foreign Investment Orientation, and the Catalogue of Industries Needing Foreign Investment; (2) They shall accord with the development programme and guidelines of technology importation of the railway transportation industry; (3) They shall be conducive to the upgrading of the level of railway technological equipment and the product quality; and (4) They shall be conducive to the raising of the level of administration of railway enterprises, and of economic benefits.
Article 4 These Measures shall apply to the Chinese-foreign equity joint venture and Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture projects set up within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter II Administration of Examination and Approval
Article 5 The Ministry of Railways is the singular authority administering Chinese-foreign joint venture projects within the railway system; the specific processing of examination and approval shall be undertaken by the department for foreign cooperation under the Ministry of Railways together with the other concerned departments under this Ministry. The competent departments of the railway enterprises throughout the country (i.e. railway administrations, general corporations, etc.) are the sole competent departments for the Chinese-foreign joint venture projects and joint venture enterprises.
Article 6 All the Chinese-foreign joint venture projects, mainly concentrating on manufacturing products for the railways shall, irrespective of the size of investment, be brought to the Ministry of Railways for examination and approval. Chinese-foreign joint venture projects manufacturing non-railway products shall, upon the consent of the competent departments of the said enterprises, be subject to the Ministry of Railways or the local governments for examination and approval; the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Railways as contained in Document TieCai [1998] No.18 shall apply to their scope of investment. Chinese-foreign joint venture projects, having been approved by the authorities responsible for examination and approval, shall be submitted to the department of foreign cooperation of the Ministry of Railways for the record by the competent departments of the concerned enterprises within two months. For the content of record, see the Table of Basic Conditions of Chinese-foreign Joint Venture Projects within the Railway System (Attachment I).
Article 7 Scope of authority of examination and approval: (1) Application for a project, the total sum of investment of which is under USD 30,000,000 (USD 30,000,000 exclusive) shall be examined and approved by the Ministry of Railways, and shall, depending on the nature of the project, be submitted to the State Planning Commission and the State Economic and Trade Commission for the record; (2) Application for a project, the total sum of investment of which is above USD 30,000,000 (USD 30,000,000 inclusive) shall be examined and approved by the State Planning Commission; (3) Application for a project, the total sum of investment of which is above USD 100,000,000 (USD 100,000,000 exclusive) shall be brought to the State Planning Commission for examination, before the Commission submits the project proposal to the State Council for examination and approval; and (4) Applications for Chinese-foreign joint venture projects in the areas of leasing, non-railway transportation, tourism, agency of freight services, corporations of investment in nature, advertising, the building industry, etc. shall be transmitted by the Ministry of Railways to the competent departments of relevant industries under the State Council for examination and approval.
Article 8 No organization or department shall be allowed to examine and approve Chinese-foreign joint venture projects beyond their scope of authority; no enterprise shall be allowed to directly apply to the local government for initiating a Chinese-foreign joint venture without the agreement of the competent department of the said enterprise.
Article 9 Where an existing Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprise within the railway system intends to change joint venture partners, transfer ownership of stock, increase its registered capital, etc. or to extend the term of joint venture upon expiration of the outgoing term, shall go through the procedures of examination and approval anew with the original authority of examination and approval.
Article 10 Procedures of application: (1) The Chinese joint venture partner shall submit a project proposal to the competent department of the enterprise about the joint venture which it intends to establish with a foreign partner, or a preliminary feasibility study report of the said project. It is only when the project proposal has been examined and agreed to by the competent department of the enterprise, and has been forwarded by the said department to the superior authority which has given the approval, shall the partners involved in the joint venture embark on the various kinds of work centering around the feasibility study report; on the basis of which they shall proceed to negotiate the terms of agreement, contract, and articles of association relating to the joint venture. For the particulars of the procedures of examination and approval of applications, see the Procedures of Examination and Approval of the Application for Chinese-foreign Joint Venture Projects within the Railway System. (Attachment II) (2) The Chinese side of the proposed Chinese-foreign joint venture project shall be responsible for submitting to the superior authority of examination and approval the following formal documents: 1. Project proposal; 2. The feasibility study report jointly prepared by parties to the venture; 3. Agreement, contract, and articles of association for the joint venture signed by the authorized representatives of parties to the venture; 4. List of candidates for president, vice presidents, and board directors; 5. Photocopy of the business license of the corporate person of the Chinese partner; 6. Certification of the creditworthiness of the foreign partner and a photocopy of the business registration certificate (business license); 7. State asset evaluation report and the document of approval by the Administration of State Assets; 8. Evaluation report on the impact on the environment, and the document of approval by the Administration of Environmental Protection; 9. Other relevant materials or information. For the contents of the main documents for the application and the requirements, see the Essential Documents for the Preparation for Establishing Chinese-foreign Joint Venture projects within the Railway System. (Attachment III)
Article 11 For a Chinese-foreign joint venture project, the total amount of investment of which is under USD 5,000,000, the Chinese partner of the joint venture may, with almost all the required documents and materials available and the agreement of the competent department of the enterprise and the consent of the examination and approval department of the Ministry of Railways, work out the project proposal and the feasibility study report all at once and submit them to the superior authority for examination and approval.
Article 12 For a Chinese-foreign joint venture project, the total amount of investment of which is above USD 10,000,000 (USD 10,000,000 inclusive), the feasibility study report shall be prepared by the consulting agency or architectural designing institution which has class A qualifications, and entrusted by both Chinese and foreign partners with the work.
Article 13 Ratio of registered capital to investment (1) The registered capital of a project, the total amount of investment to which is under USD 3,000,000 (USD 3,000,000 inclusive), shall not be less than 70% of the total amount invested. (2) The registered capital of a project, the total amount of investment of which is above USD 3,000,000 to USD 10,000,000 (USD 10,000,000 inclusive), shall not be less than 50% of the total amount invested; of these, the registered capital of a project, the total amount of investment of which is under USD 4,200,000, shall not be less than USD 2,100,000; (3) The registered capital of a project, the total amount of investment of which is above USD 10,000,000 to USD 30,000,000 (USD 30,000,000 inclusive), shall not be less than 40% of the total amount invested; of these, the registered capital of a project, the total amount of investment of which is under USD 12,500,000, shall not be less than USD 5,000,000; (4) The registered capital of a project, the total amount of investment of which is above USD 30,000,000, shall not be less than one third of the total amount invested; of these, the registered capital of a project, the total amount of investment of which is under USD 36,000,000, shall not be less than USD 12,000,000; (5) When it is necessary to make additional investment, the registered capital shall be incremented in compliance with the above-mentioned provisions; (6) The ratio of investment of the foreign partner in a Chinese-foreign joint venture shall not be less than 25% of the registered capital.
Chapter III Operation, Supervision and Administration
Article 14 Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprises shall operate in compliance with the approved contracts, and articles of association, and shall enjoy the right of autonomy as stipulated by the State.
Article 15 The technologies imported by a Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprise from the foreign partner or from a third party shall be advanced and applicable; and when working out a technological transfer agreement, the right of autonomy of business operation and administration of the joint venture enterprise shall be maintained; the conclusion of the technological transfer agreement shall not be made until the consent of the competent department of the enterprise has been obtained.
Article 16 A Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprise may establish branch organizations in light of the production and operation needs. The establishment of a branch organization within China shall be examined and approved by the original examination and approval department; the application for the establishment of a branch organization abroad shall be submitted by the department for foreign cooperation of the Ministry of Railways to the relevant government department for examination and approval.
Article 17 A time limit shall be set in explicit terms for the financial contributions to be made by the joint venture partners, which shall be paid in full by them within the time limit as set in the contract. Investment certificates to be issued to the joint venture partners in compliance with the relevant provisions upon the assets inspection by certified accountants shall be submitted by the joint venture enterprise to the original examination and approval department and the department of administration of industry and commerce for the record. Where a lump sum payment is to be made for the whole amount of contribution from each of the partners as stipulated in the contract, the joint venture partners shall each pay it in full within six months as of the date of the issue of the business license. Where payment is to be made by installments as provided for in the contract, the total time limit set for the installment payments shall not go beyond the duration listed below: 1. Where the registered capital is under USD 500,000 (USD 500,000 inclusive), the full amount of the capital shall be paid up within a year as of the date of issue of the business license; 2. Where the registered capital is above USD 500,000 and under USD 1,000,000 (USD 1,000,000 inclusive), the full amount of capital shall be paid up within a year and a half as of the date of issue of the business license; 3. Where the registered capital is above USD 1,000,000 and under USD 3,000,000 (USD 3,000,000 inclusive), the full amount of capital shall be paid up within two years as of the date of issue of the business license; 4. Where the registered capital is above USD 3,000,000 and under USD 10,000,000 (USD 10,000,000 inclusive), the full amount of capital shall be paid up within three years as of the date of issue of the business license; 5. Where the registered capital is above USD 10,000,000, the time limit for the financial contributions shall be determined by the examination and approval department in consideration of the specific conditions.
Article 18 The failure of one party of the joint venture to pay the required amount or the full amount of investment within the time limit, shall constitute a breach of the contract. The observant party shall remind the defaulter to pay the required amount, or in full within a month. In case of failure to pay the required amount or in full by the defaulter beyond the one month extension, the defaulter shall be regarded as having abandoned all its rights as provided in the joint venture contract, and automatically withdraws from the joint venture enterprise. The observant party shall, within one month as of the expiration of the extension, apply to the original examination and approval authority for the approval of dissolving the joint venture, or of finding another joint venture partner to inherit the rights and obligations embodied in the joint venture contract heretofore concluded with the defaulter. The observant party may, according to law, demand the defaulter to compensate for the economic loss so incurred because of the defaulter's failure to pay the required amount or in full of its financial contribution.
Article 19 The competent department of the Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprises and the departments administering examination and approval shall supervise and inspect in earnest the operations of the said enterprises with respect to such major items as the contribution of funding agreed upon, marketing of their products, procurement of raw materials and equipment, etc. The competent department of the Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprises which has already been registered and is in operation shall make semi-annual reports either at the end of July each year or at the end of January in the ensuing year to the department for foreign cooperation of the Ministry of Railways on the progress of preparation for establishing the enterprises, or of the operations. For the format of the report, see Information Form of Production and Operation of Chinese-foreign Joint Venture Enterprises within the Railway System (Attachment IV).
Article 20 Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprises shall not import equipment and raw materials not related to production and operation for reselling at high prices in China in order to reap huge profits by capitalizing on the preferential policies; the foreign partner's contribution in kind or equipment shall not be made by passing off what is inferior for good, or using old ones as substitutes for the new, or quoting for what is actually low-priced; the manufactured products of joint venture enterprises shall be marketed abroad as per the proportions set in the contract, the selling prices of which shall be fixed jointly by the two parties concerned.
Chapter IV Administration of Chinese Personnel
Article 21 There shall be a board of directors for a Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprise, the composition of which shall be decided upon through joint consultation between parties to the joint venture, and written into the contract and articles of association; the appointment and replacement of board members shall be made by each party to the joint venture. The board of directors shall decide upon major issues of the joint venture enterprise on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and in compliance with the law.
Article 22 The employment, dismissal, salaries and wages, fringe benefits, labour insurance, labour protection, labour discipline, etc., shall be handled in compliance with relevant laws and regulations such as the Labour Law of the People's Republic of China, Regulations on the Labour Administration for Enterprises with Foreign Investment, etc.
Article 23 The employees of Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprises shall enjoy the right to forming grass-root trade unions and organizing union activities, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China, and Trade Union Charter of China.
Chapter V Duration, Termination and Liquidation
Article 24 The duration of a Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprise shall be fixed by the parties concerned in the joint venture. The duration of joint venture of a general kind shall be 10 to 30 years in principle. The projects which require huge investments, long construction cycles, and have low capital to profit ratios, or projects to which foreign partners provide advanced or key technology, or which produce top-of-the-line products, or the projects which turn out products which are very competitive in world markets, shall have their duration of joint operation extended to 50 years. Those projects which have been specially examined and approved by the State Council may have their duration extended beyond 50 years.
Article 25 The duration of joint operation of a Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprise shall be prescribed in the agreement, contract, articles of association by the parties to the joint venture. The duration of a joint venture enterprise shall commence as of the date the business license of the joint venture is issued.
Article 26 A Chinese-foreign joint venture project may be terminated and liquidated when- 1. The duration of the joint venture is due; 2. Unable to continue to operate owing to heavy losses; 3. One party to the joint venture has failed to honour its obligations as spelt out in the agreement, contract, and articles of association, making the enterprise unable to go on; 4. The joint venture has suffered heavy losses on account of force majeure of natural disasters or war, rendering the joint venture unable to go on; 5. The operational targets of the joint venture have not been reached, and at the same time there is no prospect for development; and 6. Causes of breakup described in the contract and articles of association have already occurred. When circumstances such as those mentioned in Items (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) have occurred, the board of directors shall apply for termination to the original examination and approval authority which shall deal with it. Under the circumstance in Item 3, the party that has not met its obligations as stipulated in the agreement, contract, or articles of association shall be liable for compensating the economic losses according to law.
Article 27 The liquidation of a Chinese-foreign joint venture project shall be conducted in compliance with the relevant provisions of the State, and report the outcome of the liquidation to the original examination and approval authorities, and it shall request the original registration department to cancel the registration and revoke the business license.
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions
Article 28 When the Chinese employees of Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprises are to go abroad for business survey, business negotiation, or for board meetings, study, training, the competent departments of the enterprises shall make arrangements for them in compliance with the scope of authority to grant permission for them to go abroad on a temporary basis as stipulated by the Ministry of Railways.
Article 29 Applications from companies, enterprises, other economic organizations or individuals based in Hong Kong, Macao, or Taiwan, or Chinese citizens sojourning abroad to establish equity or contractual joint venture enterprises, shall be processed with reference to the these Measures.
Article 30 The procedures for the examination and approval of construction and operation to be undertaken by the railway trunk lines, or branch lines, or the local railways shall remain the same, i.e. examination and approval shall be made by the relevant departments in accordance with the current provisions of the Ministry of Railways, and shall not come within the scope of administration of these Measures.
Article 31 The department for cooperation with foreign countries of the Ministry of Railways shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Measures. The competent departments of enterprises concerned may formulate their own rules of implementation as per these Measures.
Article 32 These Measures shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation. Attachment I: Table of Basic Conditions of Chinese-foreign Joint Venture Projects within the Railway System Competent Department of Enterprise (omitted) Attachment II: Procedures of Examination and Approval of the Application for the Establishment of Chinese-foreign Joint Venture Project within the Railway System (omitted) Attachment III: Essential Documentation for the Preparation of Establishing Chinese-foreign Joint Venture Projects within the Railway System Attachment IV: Information Form of Production and Operation of Chinese-foreign Joint Venture Enterprises within the Railway System (omitted) Essential Documentation for the Preparation of Establishing Chinese-foreign Joint Venture Projects within the Railway System I. Project Proposal The project proposal is a document prepared by the Chinese partner to a joint venture and submitted to the superior competent department, explaining about their intention to establish a joint venture with some foreign businessmen. The Chinese partner of a joint venture shall give their preliminary opinions and proposals about the importation of technology, scale of production, marketing, and effect of investments, in light of the long-term development plan drawn up by the State and the industry, guidelines of economic construction, and on the basis of survey and investigation and preliminary discussions with foreign businessmen. The purpose of preparing the project proposal is to give a preliminary justification of the necessity of starting the project, as well as its technical, financial and economic feasibility. The main content of the project proposal shall include: (1) Project title, organization undertaking the project (2) Nature of the project and mode of cooperation Explain whether this is going to be a new construction project or a technical renovation project, whether this is going to be a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture or Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture project; it should also be noted whether the mode of foreign investment is in the form of fund, equipment or technological patent, etc. (3) Basic information about the parties to the project 1. Name of Chinese partner, basic conditions of the present enterprise; 2. Name of foreign partner, basic conditions of the present company. (4) Justifications for applying for starting the project 1. State the necessity of starting this project in terms of the gaps existing between Chinese products and technologies and those of foreign countries, and the demands and supplies at home and abroad; and 2. State the feasibility of starting this project in terms of the marketing channels, sources of foreign investment and the background of such a joint venture. (5) Major items of the project 1. Scale and scope of production and operation; 2. Mode of joint venture, and duration; 3. Planning, nature of construction and progress of construction; 4. Main items of technology importation and modes of importation; 5. Implementation of the acquisition of raw materials, fuels, power, transport, and collaboration in production, as well as the nationalization plan, and progress of the implementation thereof; 6. Environmental protection by the enterprise and the measures that have been taken in this regard; 7. Organizational setup of the enterprise, base number of year-hours and hour norms; 8. Number of employees in the enterprise, wages and salaries, welfare and personnel management; 9. Investment estimation and sources of funding, capital composition of Chinese and foreign parties and ratio of investment between the two sides; and 10. Foreign exchange balance and measures adopted. (6) Preliminary technical and economic analysis, and risk analysis 1. Direct economic effects after the establishment of the joint venture, e.g. sales income, tax, profits and foreign exchange income, etc.; 2. Socio-economic benefits, e.g. employment, energy saving, reduction of consumption, depollution, and reduction of importation, etc.; 3. Technological benefits, e.g. degree of improvement in the means of production, and efficiency, effects of saving in energy and raw materials, etc., and 4. Factors affecting the economic results and the measures that have been adopted. (7) Conclusion (8) Attachment 1. Intent of joint venture reached by the Chinese and foreign partners, and the signed agreement; and 2. Basic condition of the foreign enterprise and certification of its creditworthiness.
II. Feasibility Study Report The feasibility study report is crucial to the decision on whether to establish the Chinese-foreign joint venture project; it is prepared by the designing agency or economic-technical consulting agency jointly entrusted by the Chinese and foreign partners on the basis of the said Project Proposal; it is the best alternative from among many considered, by making an analysis of the economic, technical positions, and a marketing survey both at home and abroad, and the input by the two parties concerned. The basic principles and data contained in the feasibility study report shall serve to guide the sequel of the application procedure. The purpose of writing this report is to make a comprehensive analysis and evaluation from the technical, commercial and economic perspectives, providing a basis for project investment decision-making. The main items covered by the feasibility study report are: (1) Overview 1. Name of project, nature, organization undertaking the project, responsible person, examining and approving authority of the project proposal; 2. Background of the project, basis and scope of study; 3. Explanation of the social benefits of the project; and 4. Briefs on production and development of the products both at home and abroad. (2) Basic information about the partners of the joint venture 1. Basic information about the Chinese partner: conditions of the premises, existing equipment, plan for upgrading, current level of production, state of operation, etc.; and 2. Basic information about the foreign partner: name of the partner, credit, state of operation, conditions for joint venture, etc. (3) Project details 1. Mode of joint operation; 2. Project investments: total investment, registered capital, investment by the Chinese partner, investment by the foreign partner, solution to fund shortage, subscription, etc.; 3. Layout and scope of project: names of products, specifications, performance, scale of production, plan for development, ancillary installations to match the said project, plan for product indigenization, etc.; 4. Selection of technology and technological flow: content of technology imported, mode of importation, comparison and evaluation of several alternatives, level of technology and long-term development, etc.; 5. Selection of equipment: production equipment, ancillary equipment, apparatuses, and tools needed in production, determined in compliance with the technical plan; types and quantities of imported equipment, sources of equipment supplies, and procurement plan; and 6. Civil engineering project: basic natural conditions for establishing the factory, transportation, land requisition, justification for site selection, scale of construction, cost estimate, progress arrangement, etc. (4) Markets and Marketing 1. Basic situation of markets for the product: current composition and scale of markets both at home and broad, variations of competitiveness before and after the enterprise goes into production, and estimate of its capability to open market for the product; 2. Demands and prediction of product markets: prediction of marketing of like products, analysis of competitive factors, proportions of products sold home and abroad, marketing channels, sales plans, etc.; and 3. Market development of enterprise, formulation of marketing strategies, etc. (5) Resources, raw materials, fuels and power needed in production 1. Quantities of main raw materials needed, channels of supply and modes of supply; 2. Quantities of auxiliary materials needed, channels of supply and modes of supply; 3. Quantities of fuels needed, channels of supply and modes of supply; and 4. Quantities of wind, water, electricity, gas needed, channels of supply and modes of supply. (6) Environmental protection 1. Items of environmental protection and management and plans for prevention and control; and 2. Budget for environmental protection and plans of implementation. (7) Organizational setup of the enterprise and personnel training 1. Plans for setting up the organizational structure of the enterprise, staffing; 2. Base number of annual amount of work for the enterprise, man-hour quota of product and quota of staff; 3. Plans for personnel recruitment, management, and training; and 4. Employees' salaries and wages, welfare benefits and insurance coverage. (8) Total investment 1. Estimate of total investment; 2. Estimate of investment in equipment: investment in original equipment, additional investment in newly procured equipment and cost for ancillaries; 3. Estimate of capital construction: investment in original plant, additional investment in capital construction and funding for ancillaries; 4. Estimate of revolving fund: number of days of capital turnover, amount of revolving fund and sources of funding; 5. Ratio of registered capital to investment; and 6. Plans for financing and progress of input by the two parties to the joint venture. (9) Analysis of the economic efficiency of the project 1. Estimate of economic efficiency of enterprise: estimation and allocation of cost of manufacturing, intermediate expenses, and the financial expenses, estimation of total cost, and unit cost, calculation of sales income of finished products, and taxation, profit formation and distribution; 2. Estimate of investment efficiency: plan for input of fund, calculation of cash inflow, cash outflow, etc., and calculation of indexes of investment efficiency; 3. Project risk analysis: analysis of sensitive factors, calculation of equilibrium point of profit and loss, the impact of sensitive factors on economic efficiency and investment efficiency; and 4. Analysis of foreign exchange balance: calculation of foreign exchange income, calculation of foreign exchange spending, and resolutions to foreign exchange balance. (10) Comprehensive evaluation of the project 1. Conclusion about appraisal of technological level; 2. Conclusion about appraisal of managerial level and social benefits; and 3. Conclusion about appraisal of investment and economic efficiency. (11) Attachment 1. Documents of intent signed during negotiations between the two parties to the joint venture; 2. Photocopies of business licenses of corporate persons, and certification of creditworthiness of the two parties to the joint venture; 3. Examination and approval document for the project proposal; 4. Examination and approval document for the state-owned assets evaluation from the Administration of State Assets; 5. Examination and approval document for the environmental evaluation from the Administration of Environmental Protection; and 6. Data sheet for the calculation of investment and efficiency estimation.
III. Contract of Joint Venture Enterprise The Contract of Joint Venture Enterprise is a document of agreement reached by the two parties over the relations in terms of their respective rights and obligations; it is a concretization and solidification of the intent and agreements arrived at during the whole course of negotiations pertaining to the project, as well as the basis for formulating articles of association of the joint venture enterprise. The contract of joint venture enterprise is legally binding on all parties to the joint venture. Main items of the contract of the joint venture are: (1) Names of the partners of the joint venture, countries of registration, legal addresses and names, positions and nationalities of the corporate persons; (2) Name of the joint venture, legal address, purposes of the enterprise, scope and scale of business operation; (3) Provisions pertinent to the total amount of investment, registered capital of the joint venture enterprise, contributions to investment of all parties, modes of contribution, time limit for payment, as well as provisions over arrears, assignment of investment, etc.; (4) Proportions of profit distribution and loss sharing; (5) Composition of the board of directors of the joint venture enterprise, quotas of directors for each party, as well as their duties and responsibilities, limit of authority of the general managers and deputy general managers and other senior management personnel, and the modes of engagement; (6) Main production equipment, production technology, and their sources; (7) Procurement of raw materials and mode's of product marketing, proportion of products sold in China and abroad; (8) Arrangement of revenue and expenditure of foreign exchange; (9) Principles of treatment in finance, accounting and auditing; (10) Provisions concerning labour management, wages, welfare, labour insurance, etc.; (11) Duration of joint venture, dissolution, and procedures of liquidation; (12) Liabilities for violation of the contract; (13) Modes and procedures for settling disputes between partners of the joint venture; and (14) Language(s) the contract is to be written in and conditionals for the validity of contract.
IV. Articles of Association of Joint Venture Enterprise The Articles of Association of Joint Venture Enterprise is formulated in compliance with the requirements of the relevant laws and in light of the business scope of enterprise; it is a legal document which delineates the purposes, scale, organizational setup, principles of organization, and modes of operation and management, etc. Main items of the Articles of Association of Joint Venture Enterprise are: (1) Name of the joint venture enterprise, its legal address; (2) Purposes, scope of operation, and duration of the joint venture enterprise; (3) Names of partners of the joint venture, countries of registration, legal addresses, names, positions, nationalities of corporate persons; (4) The total amount of investment of all parties to the joint venture enterprise, registered capital, provisions on contributions to investment of all parties to the joint venture enterprise, modes of contribution, proportions of contributions, assignment of investment; proportions of profit distribution and loss sharing; (5) Composition of the board of directors, duties and responsibilities, standing order, terms of office of board directors, duties and responsibilities of president and vice presidents; (6) The management setup, rules of handling affairs, duties and responsibilities of the general manager, deputy managers and other senior management personnel, and their appointment and removal; (7) Principles governing financial, accounting, and auditing systems; (8) Labour administration, labour wages, welfare, labour insurance, etc.; (9) Conditions and procedures for the dissolution and liquidation of the enterprise; (10) Procedures for the revision of the articles of association.
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