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| Category | FOREIGN TRADE | Organ of Promulgation | The State Council | Status of Effect | In Force |
| Date of Promulgation | 1998-06-10 | Effective Date | 1998-06-10 |
|
Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Export Control of Nuclear Dual-Use Items and Related Technologies |
|---|
Article 1 These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of
strengthening the export control of nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies, preventing proliferation of nuclear weapons, promoting
international cooperation in peaceful utilization of nuclear energy, and
safeguarding the State security and social and public interests.
Article 2 The export of nuclear dual-use items and related technologies
referred to in these Regulations mean the export for trade, gifts to and
exhibitions in foreign countries and regions, as well as scientific and
technological cooperation with and assistance to foreign countries and
regions that involve equipment, materials and related technologies outlined
in the Nuclear Dual-Use Items and Related Technologies Export Control
List (hereinafter referred to as the Control List) attached to these
Regulations.
Article 3 The State shall tightly control the export of nuclear dual-use
items and related technologies, and strictly perform its international
obligations with regard to non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.
Article 4 The export of nuclear dual-use items and related technologies
shall comply with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative
regulations of the State as well as these Regulations, and may not jeopardize
the State security or social and public interests.
Article 5 The State shall practice a licensing control system for the
export of nuclear dual-use items and related technologies.
Article 6 The following principles shall be observed in licensing the
export of nuclear dual-use items and related technologies:
(1) The receiving party shall guarantee against using for nuclear
explosion purposes the China-supplied nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies;
(2) The receiving party shall guarantee against using China-supplied
nuclear dual-use items and related technologies in nuclear facilities which
are not subject to safeguard of and supervision from the International Atomic
Energy Agency;
(3)The receiving party shall guarantee against transferring, without
permit of the Chinese Government, China-supplied nuclear dual-use items and
related technologies to a third party.
Article 7 Those engaging in the export of nuclear dual-use items and
related technologies shall register themselves with the Ministry of Foreign
Trade and Economic Cooperation. Without such registration, no enterprise or
individual may engage in the export of nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies. The specific measures for such registration shall be formulated
by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
Article 8 Anyone who intends to export nuclear dual-use items and
related technologies outlined in the Control List shall apply to the Ministry
of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, fill in the export application
form for nuclear dual-use items and related technologies (hereinafter
referred to as the export application form) and submit the following
documents:
(1)identification of the applicant's legal representative, principal
managers and persons in charge;
(2)a copy of the contract or agreement;
(3)technological specifications of the nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies;
(4)the certificate of the end-user;
(5)the guarantee documents provided for in Article 6 of these Regulations;
(6)other documents required by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Cooperation.
Article 9 Where the nuclear dual-use items and related technologies to
be exported are for exhibition or for Chinese party's own use abroad and will
be re-imported thereafter within a specified time limit, the related
documents provided for in Article 8 of these Regulations may be exempted
from being submitted after examination and approval by the Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation when making the application.
Article 10 The applicant shall truthfully fill in the export application
form.
The export application form shall be uniformly produced by the Ministry
of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
Article 11 Upon receiving the export application form and the documents
provided for in Article 8 of these Regulations, the Ministry of Foreign Trade
and Economic Cooperation shall, within 45 working days, examine and approve
or disapprove the application jointly with the State atomic energy authority
or jointly with the State atomic energy authority and consulting with the
relevant departments of the State Council, or with the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs if the case involves the foreign policy.
Article 12 Where the export of nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies has important impact on the State security, social and public
interests or foreign policy, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Cooperation shall submit it to the State Council for approval.
Those submissions to the State Council for approval shall not be subject
to the limitation of time period stipulated in Article 11 of these Regulations.
Article 13 When an export application of nuclear dual-use items and
related technologies is approved after examination, the Ministry of Foreign
Trade and Economic Cooperation shall issue an export license for nuclear
dual-use items and related technologies (hereinafter referred to as the
export license), and notify the Customs in writing.
Article 14 An export license holder who intends to change the nuclear
dual-use items and related technologies originally applied for export shall
turn in the original export license and file a new application and obtain
a new export license according to the provisions of these Regulations.
Article 15 When exporting nuclear dual-use items and related
technologies, the exporter shall submit the export license to the Customs,
complete the Customs procedures and be subjected to the Customs control in
accordance with the provisions of the Customs Law.
Article 16 Where the receiving party contravenes the guarantees made
according to the provisions of Article 6 of these Regulations or where
a danger of nuclear proliferation appears, the Ministry of Foreign Trade
and Economic Cooperation shall, after consulting with the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and the State atomic energy authority, suspend or revoke the export
license already granted and notify the Customs in writing for execution.
Article 17 Upon approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Foreign
Trade and Economic Cooperation may, jointly with the relevant departments
of the State Council, temporarily decide to exercise export control on
specific nuclear dual-use items and related technologies other than those
outlined in the Control List according to the provisions of these Regulations.
The export of specific nuclear dual-use items and related technologies
provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be licensed according to the
provisions of these Regulations.
Article 18 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of these
Regulations, exports nuclear dual-use items and related technologies, shall
be investigated for his criminal liability according to law if a crime is
constituted, or punished according to the relevant provisions of the Foreign
Trade Law and the Customs Law if a crime is not constituted.
Article 19 Anyone who counterfeits, alters, sells or buys the export
license shall be investigated for his legal liability according to law.
Article 20 Any State functionary exercising control over the export of
nuclear dual-use items and related technologies who neglects his duty, seeks
personal interests or commits illegalities for personal gains or by
fraudulent means or abuses his power, shall be investigated for his criminal
liability according to law if a crime is constituted, or be given an
administrative sanction according to law if a crime is not constituted.
Article 21 In light of real situation, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Cooperation, jointly with the State atomic energy authority and
relevant departments of the State Council, may adjust the Control List and
submit it to the State Council for approval before implementation.
Article 22 Where an international treaty that the People's Republic of
China has concluded or acceded to contains provisions different from those
of these Regulations, the provisions of the international treaty shall apply,
unless the provisions are those on which the People's Republic of China has
declared reservations.
Article 23 These Regulations shall enter into force as of the date of 1.1. Flow-forming machines and spin-forming machines capable of (a) (i) Having three or more rollers (active or guiding); and (ii) According to the manufacturer's technical specification can be (b) Rotor-forming mandrels designed to form cylindrical rotors of inside Note: This entry includes machines which have only a single roller 1.2."Numerical control" units, "numerical controlled" machine tools, and (a) Note : For "Numerical control" units controlled by its associated (b) Machine tools, as follows, for removing or cutting metals, ceramics, (1) Machine tools for turning, that have "positioning accuracies" with Note: Bar machines (Swissturn), limited to machining only bar feed thru. (2) Machine tools for milling, having any of the following (a) "Positioning accuracies" with all compensations available are less (b) Two or more contouring rotary axes. Note: This does not control milling machines having the following (a) X-axis travel greater than 2 m; and (b) Overall "positioning accuracy" on the x-axis more (worse) than (3) Machine tools for grinding, having any of the following (a) "Positioning accuracies" with all compensations available are less (b) Having two or more contouring rotary axes. Note: The following grinding machines are excluded: (a) Cylindrical external, internal, and external-internal grinding (1) Limited to cylindrical grinding (2) A Maximum workpiece outside diameter or length of 150 mm (3) Not more than two axes that can be coordinated simultaneously for (4) No contouring axis (b) Jig grinders with axes limited to x, y, c, and a, where c axis is (c) Tool or cutter grinding, machines with "software" specially designed (d) Crankshaft or camshaft grinding machines. (4) Non-wire type Electrical Discharge Machines (EDM) that have two or Note: Guaranteed "Positioning accuracy" levels instead of individual test Technical Notes: 1. Not counted in the total number of contouring rotary axes are 2. Rotary axes do not necessarily have to rotate over 360 degrees. A (c) "Software" (1) "Software" specially designed or modified for the "development", (2) "Software" for any combination of electronic devices or system Note 1: - "Software" is controlled whether exported separately or Note 2: - "Software" specially designed or modified by the manufacturers 1.3. Dimensional inspection machines, devices, or systems, as follows, (a) Computer controlled or numerically controlled dimensional inspection (1) two or more axes; and (2) a one-dimensional length "measurement uncertainty" equal to or less (b) Linear and angular displacement measuring devices, as follows: (1) linear measuring instruments having any of the following (i) non-contact type measuring systems with a "resolution" equal to or (ii) linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) systems having both (A) "linearity" equal to or less (better) than 0.1% within a measuring (B) drift equal to or less (better) than 0.1% per day at a standard (iii) measuring systems that have both of the following characteristics: (A) contain a "laser", and (B) maintain for at least 12 hours, over a temperature range of +-1K 1) a "resolution" over their full scale of 0.1 m/1000000 or better; and 2) with a "measurement uncertainty" equal to or less (better) than except measuring interferometer systems, without closed or open loop (2) angular measuring instruments having an "angular position deviation" Note: The sub-item (b) (2) of this item does not control optical (c) Systems for simultaneously linear-angular inspection of hemishells, (1) "measurement uncertainty" along any linear axis equal to or less (2) "angular position deviation" equal to or less than 0.02'. Note: Specially designed software for the systems described in paragraph Technical Notes: 1. "Measurement uncertainty" -- The characteristic parameter which specifies in what range around the 2. "Resolution" -- The least increment of a measuring device; on digital instruments, the 3. "Linearity" --(Usually measured in terms of non linearity) is the maximum deviation 4. "Angular position deviation" -- The maximum difference between angular position and the actual, very 1.4. Vacuum or controlled environment (inert gas) induction furnaces Technical Note: This entry does not control furnaces designed for the 1.5."Isostatic presses" capable of achieving a maximum working pressure Technical Notes: (1) The inside chamber dimension is that of the chamber in which both the (2) "Isostatic Presses" -- Equipment capable of pressurizing a closed cavity through various 1.6."Robots" or "end-effectors" having either of the following (a) Specially designed to comply with national safety standards (b) Specially designed or rated as radiation hardened to withstand Technical Notes: (1) "Robot" A manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the (a) is multifunctional; (b) is capable of positioning or orienting material, parts, tools, or (c) incorporates three or more closed or open loop servo-devices which (d) has "user-accessible programmability" by means of teach/playback N.B. The above definition does not include the following devices: (a) Manipulation mechanisms which are only manually/teleoperator (b) Fixed sequence manipulation mechanisms which are automated moving (c) Mechanically controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms (d) Non-servo-controlled variable sequence manipulation mechanisms which (e) Stacker cranes defined as Cartesian coordinate manipulator systems (2) "End-effectors" "End-effectors" include grippers, "active tooling units," and any other (3) The definition in (a) above is not designed to control robots 1.7.Vibration test systems, equipment, components and software therefor, (a) Electrodynamic vibration test systems, employing feedback or closed (b) Digital controllers, combined with "specially designed software" for (c) Vibration thrusters (shaker units), with or without associated (d) Test piece support structures and electronic units designed to (e) "Specially designed software" for use with the systems controlled 1.8.Vacuum and controlled atmosphere metallurgical melting and casting (a)Arc remelt and casting furnaces with consumable electrode capacities (b)Electron beam melting and plasma atomization and melting furnaces with 2.1. Aluminum alloys capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 460 Mpa Technical Note: The phrase "capable of" encompasses aluminum alloys 2.2. Beryllium metal, alloys containing more than 50% beryllium by (a) Metal windows for X-ray machines, or for bore-hole logging devices; (b) Oxide shapes in fabricated or semi-fabricated forms specially (c) Beryl (silicate of beryllium and aluminum) in the form of emeralds Technical Note: This entry includes waste and scrap containing beryllium 2.3.High-purity (99.99% or greater) bismuth with very low silver 2.4.Boron and boron compounds, mixtures, and loaded materials in which 2.5.Calcium (high purity) containing both less than 1000 parts per 2.6.Chlorine Trifluoride (CIF3). 2.7.Crucibles made of materials resistant to liquid actinide metals, (a) Crucibles with a volume of between 150 ml and 8 liters and made of (i) Calcium fluoride (CaF2) (ii) Calcium zirconate (metazirconate) (CaZrO3) (iii) Cerium sulfide (Ce2S3 ) (iv) Erbium oxide (erbia) (Er2O3) (v) Hafnium oxide (hafnia) (HfO2) (vi) Magnesium oxide (MgO) (vii) Nitrided niobium-titanium-tungsten alloy (approximately 50% Nb, (viii) Yttrium oxide (yttria) (Y2O3 ) (ix) Zirconium oxide (zirconia) (ZrO2) (b) Crucibles with a volume of between 50 ml and 2 liters and made of (c) Crucibles with a volume of between 50 ml and 2 liters and made of 2.8.Fibrous or filamentary materials, prepregs and composite structures, (a) Carbon or aramid "fibrous or filamentary materials" having (b) Glass "fibrous or filamentary materials" having a "specific modulus" (c) Thermoset resin impregnated continuous yarns, rovings, tows or tapes Note: The resin forms the matrix of the composite. (d) Composite structures in the form of tubes with an inside diameter Technical Note: (a) For the purpose of this entry, the term "fibrous or filamentary Definition: (1) A filament or monofilament is the smallest increment of fiber, (2) A strand is a bundle of filaments (typically over 200) arranged (3) A roving is a bundle (typically 12-120) of approximately parallel (4) A yarn is a bundle of twisted strands. (5) A tow is a bundle of filaments, usually approximately parallel. (6) A tape is a material constructed of interlaced or unidirectional (b) "Specific modulus" is the Young's modulus in N/m^2 divided by the (c) "Specific tensile strength" is the ultimate tensile strength in 2.9. Metal, alloys, and compounds of hafnium containing more than 60% 2.10. Lithium enriched in the 6 isotope (6Li) to greater than 7.5 atom except thermoluminescent dosimeters. Note: The natural occurrence of the 6 isotope in lithium is 7.5 atom 2.11. Magnesium (high purity) containing both less than 200 parts 2.12. Maraging steel capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 2050 MPa Technical Note: The phrase "capable of" encompasses maraging steel before 2.13. Radium-226, radium-226 compounds, or mixtures containing radium-226, except: a. medical applicators; b. a product or device containing not more than 0.37GBq (l0 millicuries) 2.14. Titanium alloys capable of an ultimate tensile strength of 900 MPa Technical Note: The phrase "capable of" encompasses titanium alloys 2.15. Tungsten, as follows: parts made of tungsten, tungsten carbide, or 2.16. Zirconium with a hafnium content of less than 1 part hafnium to Technical Note: This control applies to waste and scrap containing 2.17. Nickel powder and porous nickel metal, as follows: (a) Powder with a nickel purity content of 99.0% or greater and a mean Note: Nickel powders which are especially prepared for the manufacture of (b) Porous nickel metal produced from materials controlled by (a); Note: This refers to porous metal formed by compacting and sintering the 3.1.Electrolytic cells for fluorine production with a production capacity 3.2.Rotor fabrication and assembly equipment and bellows-forming mandrels (a) Rotor assembly equipment for assembly of gas centrifuge rotor tube (b) Rotor straightening equipment for alignment of gas centrifuge rotor (c) Bellows-forming mandrels and dies for producing single-convolution (1) 75 mm to 400 mm (3 in. to 16 in.) inside diameter; (2) 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) or more in length; and (3) single convolution depth more than 2 mm (0.08 in.). 3.3.Centrifugal multiplane balancing machines, fixed or portable, (a) Centrifugal balancing machines designed for balancing flexible rotors (1) a swing or journal diameter of 75 mm or more; (2) mass capability of from 0.9 to 23 kg (2 to 50 lb.); and (3) capable of balancing speed of revolution more than 5000 rpm; (b) Centrifugal balancing machines designed for balancing hollow (1) a journal diameter of 75 mm or more; (2) mass capability of from 0.9 to 23 kg (2 to 50 lb.); (3) capable of balancing to a residual imbalance of 0.010 kg mm/kg per (4) belt drive type; and "specially designed software" therefor. 3.4.Filament winding machines in which the motions for positioning, 3.5.Frequency changers (also known as converters or inverters) or (a) A multiphase output capable of providing a power of 40 W or more; (b) Capable of operating in the frequency range between 600 and 2000 Hz; (c) Total harmonic distortion below 10%; and (d) Frequency control better than 0.1%. except such frequency changers specially designed or prepared to supply Technical Note: "Motor stators" -- specially designed or prepared ring-shaped stators for high-speed 3.6.Lasers, laser amplifiers, and oscillators as follows: (a) Copper vapor lasers with 40 W or greater average output power (b) Argon ion lasers with greater than 40 W average output power (c) Neodymium-doped (other than glass) lasers as follows: (1) having an output wavelength between 1000 nm and 1100 nm, being (a) A single-transverse mode output having an average output power (b) A multiple-transverse mode output having an average output power (2) operating at a wavelength between 1000 nm and 1100 nm and (d) Tunable pulsed single-mode dye oscillators capable of an average (e) Tunable pulsed dye laser amplifiers and oscillators, except single (f) Alexandrite lasers with a bandwidth of 0.005nm or less, a repetition (g) Pulsed carbon dioxide lasers with a repetition rate greater than N.B. This specification is not intended to control the higher power (h) Pulsed excimer lasers (XeF, XeCl, KrF) with a repetition rate greater (i) Para-hydrogen Raman shifters designed to operate at 16 m/1000000 Technical Note: Machine tools, measuring devices, and associated 3.7. Mass spectrometers capable of measuring ions of 230 atomic mass (a) Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers (ICP/MS); (b) Glow discharge mass spectrometers (GDMS); (c) Thermal ionization mass spectrometers (TIMS); (d) Electron bombardment mass spectrometers which have a source chamber (e) Molecular beam mass spectrometers as follows: (1) which have a source chamber constructed from or lined with or plated (2) which have a source chamber constructed from or lined with or plated (f) Mass spectrometers equipped with a microfluorination ion source except specially designed or prepared magnetic or quadrupole mass (1) Unit resolution for mass greater than 320; (2) Ion sources constructed of or lined with nichrome or monel or (3) Electron bombardment ionization sources; (4) Having a collector system suitable for isotopic analysis. 3.8. Pressure transducers which are capable of measuring absolute 1) transducers with a full scale of less than l3 kPa and an accuracy of 2) transducers with a full scale of 13 kPa or greater and an accuracy Technical Notes: 1.Pressure transducers are devices that convert pressure measurements 2.For the purposes of this entry, "accuracy" includes non-linearity, 3.9. Valves 5 mm (0.2 in.) or greater in nominal size, with a bellows Note: For valves with different inlet and outlet diameter, the nominal 3.10. Superconducting solenoidal electromagnets with all of the following (a) capable of creating magnetic fields of more than 2 teslas (b) with an L/D (length divided by inner diameter) greater than 2; (c) with an inner diameter of more than 300 mm; and (d) with a magnetic field uniform to better than 1% over the central 50% Note: The item does not cover magnets specially designed for and exported 3.11. Vacuum pumps with an input throat size of 38 cm (15 in.) or greater Technical Note: (1) The ultimate vacuum is determined at the input of the pump with the (2) The pumping speed is determined at the measurement point with 3.12. Direct current high-power supplies capable of continuously 3.13. High-voltage direct current power supplies capable of continuously 3.14. Electromagnetic isotope separators, designed for or equipped with, Notes: 1. This entry will control separators capable of enriching stable 2. This entry includes separators with the ion sources and collectors 3. A single 50 mA ion source will produce less than 3 g of separated 4.1. Specialized packings for use in separating heavy water from ordinary 4.2. Pumps circulating solutions of diluted or concentrated potassium (a) airtight (i.e., hermetically sealed); (b) for concentrated potassium amide solutions (1% or greater), operating (c) a capacity greater than 8.5 m3/h (5 cubic feet per minute). 4.3. Water-hydrogen sulfide exchange tray columns constructed from fine Notes: 1.For columns which are especially designed or prepared for the 2.Internal contactors of the columns are segmented trays which have an 3.Fine carbon steel in this entry is defined to be steel with the 4.Materials resistant to corrosion by hydrogen sulfide/water mixtures 4.4. Hydrogen-cryogenic distillation columns having all of the following (a) designed to operate with internal temperatures of -238 centigrade (b) designed to operate at internal pressure of 0.5 to 5 MPa (5 to 50 (c) constructed of fine-grain stainless steels of the 300 series with low (d) with internal diameters of 1 m or greater and effective lengths of 4.5. Ammonia synthesis converters or synthesis units in which the 4.6. Turboexpanders or turboexpander-compressor sets designed for 5.1. Flash x-ray Generators or pulsed electron accelerators with peak (a) Having an accelerator peak electron energy of 500 keV or greater but K=1.7 x 10^3 V^2.65Q, where V is the peak electron energy in million electron volts and Q is (b) Having an accelerator peak electron energy of 25 MeV or greater and Technical Note: 1. Time duration of the beam pulse - In machines, based on microwave 2. Peak beam current - In machines based on microwave accelerating 5.2. Multistage light gas guns or other high-velocity gun systems (coil, 5.3. Mechanical rotating mirror cameras, as follows; and specially a. Framing cameras with recording rates greater than 225,000 frames per b. Streak cameras with writing speeds greater than 0.5 mm per microsecond. Technical Note: Components of such cameras include their synchronizing 5.4. Electronic streak and framing cameras and tubes as follows: (a) Electronic streak cameras capable of 50 ns or less time resolution (b) Electronic (or electronically shuttered) framing cameras capable of (c) Framing tubes and solid-state imaging devices for use with cameras (1) proximity focused image intensifier tubes having the photocathode (2) gate silicon intensifier target (SIT) vidicon tubes, where a fast (3) Kerr or pockel cell electro-optical shuttering; or (4) Other framing tubes and solid-state imaging devices having a fast 5.5. Specialized instrumentation for hydrodynamic experiments as follows: (a) Velocity interferometers for measuring velocities in excess of 1 km (b) manganin gauges for pressures greater than 100 kilobars; or (c) quartz pressure transducers for pressures greater than 100 kilobars. 6.1. Detonators and multipoint initiation systems (exploding bridge wire, (a) Electrically driven explosive detonators as follows: (1) exploding bridge (EB); (2) exploding bridge wire (EBW); (3) slapper; and (4) exploding foil initiators (EFI). (b) Arrangements using single or multiple detonators designed to nearly Description clarification: The detonators of concern all utilize a small electrical conductor Note: Detonators using only primary explosives, such as lead azide, are 6.2. Electronic components for firing sets (switching devices and pulse 6.2.1. Switching devices (a) Cold-cathode tubes (including gas krytron tubes and vacuum sprytron (1) Anode peak voltage rating of 2500 V or more; (2) Anode peak current rating of 100 A or more; (3) Anode delay time of 10 microsecond or less; and (b) Triggered spark-gaps having an anode delay time of 15 microsecond or (c) Modules or assemblies with a fast switching function having all of (1) Anode peak voltage rating greater than 2000 V; (2) anode peak current rating of 500 A or more; and (3) turn-on time of 1 microsecond or less. (a) Voltage rating greater than 1.4 kV, energy storage greater than 10 J, (b) Voltage rating greater than 750 V. capacitance greater than 6.3. Firing sets and equivalent high-current pulse generators (for (a) Explosive detonator firing sets designed to drive multiple controlled (b) Modular electrical pulse Generators (pursers) designed for portable, (1) capable of delivering their energy in less than 15 microsecond; (2) having an output greater than 100 A; (3) having a rise time of less than 10 microsecond into loads of less (4) enclosed in a dust-tight enclosure; (5) no dimension greater than 25.4 cm (10 in.); (6) weight less than 25 kg (55 lb.); and (7) specified for use over an extended temperature range (-50 centigrade 6.4. High explosives or substances or mixtures containing more than 2% of (a) Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX); (b) Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX); (c) Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB); (d) Any explosive with a crystal density greater than 1.8 g/cm^3 and (e) Hexanitrostilbene (HNS). 7.1. Photomultiplier tubes with a photocathode area of greater than 7.2. High-speed pulse generators with output voltages greater than 6 V 8.1. Neutron Generator systems, including tubes, designed for operation 8.2. Equipment related to nuclear material handling and processing and 8.2.1. Remote manipulators that can be used to provide remote actions in a. Having a capability of penetrating 0.6 m or more of hot cell wall b. Having a capability of bridging over the top of a hot cell wall with Note: Remote manipulators provide translation of human operator actions 8.2.2. High-density (lead glass or other) radiation shielding windows 8.2.3. Radiation-hardened TV cameras, or lenses therefor, specially 8.3. Tritium, tritium compounds, or mixtures containing tritium in which except: A product or device containing not more than 1.48 x 10^3 GBq (40 Ci) of 8.4. Tritium facilities, plants and equipment, as follows: 1.Facilities or plants for the production, recovery, extraction, 2.Equipment for tritium facilities or plants, as follows: (a) Hydrogen or helium refrigeration units capable of cooling to 23 K (b) Hydrogen isotope storage and purification systems using metal 8.5. Platinized catalysts specially designed or prepared for promoting 8.6. Helium-3 or helium isotopically enriched in the helium-3 isotope, except: A product or device containing less than 1 g of helium-3. 8.7. Alpha-emitting, radionuclides having an alpha half-life of 10 days except: A product or device containing less than 3.7 GBq (100 millicuries) of 8.8. Lithium isotope separation facilities, plants and equipment, as 1.Facilities or plants for the separation of lithium isotopes; 2.Equipment for the separation of lithium isotopes, as follows: a. Packed liquid-liquid exchange columns specialty designed for lithium b. Mercury and/or lithium amalgam pumps; c. Lithium amalgam electrolysis cells; d. Evaporators for concentrated lithium hydroxide solution. "!" indicates a subscript. For instance, "UF!6" means "6" is the "^" indicates a power. For instance, "10^9" means the ninth power " ' " indicates the number of degrees for an angle. For instance, "$" is an integral symbol. For instance, "$idt" means "t" is integrated "m/1000000" means micrometer.
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Annex: THE NUCLEAR DUAL-USE ITEMS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES EXPORT
CONTROL LIST
1.INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
flow-forming functions, and mandrels, as follows, and specially designed
software therefor:
equipped with "numerical control" units or a computer control;
diameter between 75 mm (3 in.) and 400 mm (16 in.).
designed to deform metal plus two auxiliary rollers which support the
mandrel, but do not participate directly in the deformation process.
specially designed "software" as follows:
software, see section (c)(2).
or composites, which, according to the manufacturer's technical
specifications, can be equipped with electronic devices for simultaneous
"contouring control" in two or more axes:
all compensations available less (better) than 0.006 mm along any linear
axis (overall positioning) for machines capable of machining diameters
greater than 35 mm.
are excluded if maximum bar diameter is equal to or less than 42 mm and there
is no capability of mounting chucks. Machines may have drilling and/or
milling capabilities for machining parts with diameters less than 42 mm.
characteristics:
(better) than 0.006 mm along any linear axis (overall positioning); or
characteristics:
0.030 mm.
characteristics:
(better) than 0.004 mm along any linear axis (overall positioning); or
machines having all the following characteristics:
"contouring control"; and
used to maintain the grinding wheel normal to the work surface, and the
a axis is configured to grind barrel cams.
for the production of tools or cutters; or
more contouring rotary axes and that can be coordinated simultaneously for
"contouring control".
protocols may be used for each machine tool model using the agreed ISO test
procedure.
secondary parallel contouring rotary axes the center line of which is
parallel to the primary rotary axis.
rotary axis can be driven by a linear device, e.g., a screw or
a rack-and-pinion.
"production", or "use" of equipment controlled by subcategories (a) or
(b) above.
enabling such device(s) to function as a "numerical control" unit capable of
controlling 5 or more interpolating axes that can be coordinated
simultaneously for "contouring control".
residing in a "numerical control" unit or any electronic device or system.
of the control unit or machine tool to operate an uncontrolled machine tool
is not controlled.
specially designed software therefor.
machines having both of the following characteristics:
(better) than (1.25+ L/1000) m/1000000 tested with a probe of an "accuracy"
of less (better) than 0.2 m/1000000 (L is the measured length in millimeters);
characteristics:
less (better) than 0.2 m/1000000 within a measuring range up to 0.2 mm;
of the following characteristics:
range up to 5 mm; and
ambient test room temperature +-1K; or
around a standard temperature and a standard pressure:
(0.2+L/2000) m/1000000 (L is the measured length in millimeters);
feedback. containing a "laser" to measure slide movement errors of machine
tools, dimensional inspection machines, or similar equipment;
equal to or less (better) than 0.00025';
instruments, such as autocollimators, using collimated light to detect
angular displacement of a mirror.
having both of the following characteristics:
(better) than 3.5 m/1000000 per 1 mm; and
(c) of this item includes software for simultaneous measurements of wall
thickness and contour.
output value the correct value of the measurable variable lies with
a confidence level of 95%. It includes the uncorrected systematic deviations,
the uncorrected backlash, and the random deviations.
least significant bit.
of the actual characteristic (average of upscale and downscale readings),
positive or negative from a straight line so positioned as to equalize and
minimize the maximum deviations.
accurately measured angular position after the workpiece mount of the table
has been turned out of its initial position.
capable of operation above 850 centigrade and having induction coils 600 mm
(24 in.) or less in diameter, and designed for power inputs of 5 kW or more;
and power supplies specially designed therefor with a specified power output
of 5 kW or more.
processing of semiconductor wafers.
of 69 MPa or greater having a chamber cavity with an inside diameter in
excess of 152 mm and specially designed dies, molds, controls or "specially
designed software" therefor.
working temperature and the working pressure are achieved and does not
include fixtures. That dimension will be the smaller of either the inside
diameter of the pressure chamber or the inside diameter of the insulated
furnace chamber, depending on which of the two chambers is located inside
the other.
media (gas, liquid, solid particles, etc.) to create equal pressure in all
directions within the cavity upon a workpiece or material.
characteristics; and "specially designed software" or specially designed
controllers therefor:
applicable to handling high explosives (for example, meeting electrical code
ratings for high explosives); or
greater than 5 x 10^4 grays (Silicon) (5 x 10^6 rad (Silicon)) without
operational degradation.
point-to-point variety, may use "sensors," and has all of the following
characteristics:
special devices through variable movements in three -dimensional space;
may include stepping motors; and
method or by means of an electronic computer which may be a programmable
logic controlled, i.e. without mechanical intervention.
controllable;
devices operating according to mechanically fixed programmed motions. The
program is mechanically limited by fixed stops, such as pins or cams. The
sequence of motions and the selection of paths or angles are not variable or
changeable by mechanical, electronic, or electrical means;
which are automated moving devices operating according to mechanically fixed
programmed motions. The program is mechanically limited by fixed, but
adjustable, stops such as pins or cams. The sequence of motions and the
selection of paths or angles are variable within the fixed program pattern.
Variations or modifications of the program pattern (e.g., changes of pins or
exchanges of cams) in one or more motion axes are accomplished only through
mechanical operations;
are automated moving devices, operating according to mechanically fixed
programmed motions. The program is variable but the sequence proceeds only by
the binary signal from mechanically fixed electrical binary devices or
adjustable stops;
manufactured as an integral part of a vertical array of storage bins and
designed to access the contents of those bins for storage or retrieval.
tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a "robot" manipulator
arm.
specially designed for nonnuclear industrial applications such as automobile
paint-spraying booths.
as follows:
loop control techniques and incorporating a digital controller, capable of
vibrating at 10 g RMS or more between 20 Hz and 2000 Hz and imparting forces
of 50 kN (11,250 lbs) measured 'bare table', or greater;
vibration testing, with a real-time bandwidth greater than 5 kHz and being
designed for use with the systems controlled in a. above;
amplifiers, capable of imparting a force of 50 kN (11,250 lbs),
measured 'bare table', or greater, which are usable for the systems
controlled in a. above;
combine multiple shaker units into a complete shaker system capable of
providing an effective combined force of 50 kN, measured 'bare table', or
greater, which are usable for the systems controlled in a. above;
in a. above or for the electronic units controlled in d. above.
furnaces as follows; and specially configured computer control and monitoring
systems and "specially designed software" therefor:
between 1000 cm^3 and 20,000 cm^3 and capable of operating with melting
temperatures above 1700 centigrade;
a power of 50 kW or greater and capable of operating with melting
temperatures above 1200 centigrade.
2.MATERIALS
(0.46 x 10^9 N/m^2 ) or more at 293 K (20 centigrade), in the form of tubes or
cylindrical solid forms (including forgings) with an outside diameter of more
than 75 mm (3 in.).
before or after heat treatment.
weight, beryllium compounds, and manufactures thereof, except:
designed for electronic component parts or as substrates for electronic
circuits;
or aquamarines.
as defined above.
content (less than 10 parts per million).
the boron- 10 isotope is more than 20% by weight of the total boron content.
million by weight of metallic impurities other than magnesium and less than
10 parts per million of boron.
as follows:
or coated with any of the following materials having a purity of 98% or
greater:
30% Ti, 20% W)
or lined with tantalum, having a purity of 99.9% or greater.
or lined with tantalum (having, a purity of 98% or greater) coated with
tantalum carbide, nitride, or boride (or any combination of these).
as follows:
a "specific modulus" of 12.7 x 10^6 m or greater or a "specific tensile
strength" of 23.5 x 10^4 m or greater, except aramid "fibrous or filamentary
materials" having 0.25 percent or more by weight of an ester based fiber
surface modifier; or
of 3.18 x 10^6 m or greater and a "specific tensile strength" of 7.62 x 10^4 m
or greater;
with a width no greater than 15 mm (prepregs), made from carbon or glass
"fibrous or filamentary materials" specified in 2.8 (a) or (b);
of between 75 mm (3 in.) and 400 mm (16 in.) made with any of the "fibrous
or filamentary materials" specified in (a) above or carbon prepreg materials
specified in (c) above.
materials" means continuous monofilaments, yarns, rovings, tows or tapes.
usually several m/1000000 in diameter.
approximately parallel.
strands.
filaments, strands, rovings, tows or yarns, etc., usually preimpregnated
with resin.
specific weight in N/m^3 when measured at a temperature of 23 +-2 centigrde
and a relative humidity of 50 +-5%.
N/m^2 divided by the specific weight in N/m^3 when measured at a temperature
of 23 +-2 centigrade and a relative humidity of 50 +-5%.
hafnium by weight and manufactures thereof.
percent, alloys, compounds or mixtures containing lithium enriched in the
6 isotope, and products or devices containing any of the foregoing;
percent.
per million by weight of metallic impurities other than calcium and less than
10 parts per million of boron.
(2.050 x 10^9 N/m^2) (300,000 lb/in.^2) or more at 293 K (20 centigrade) except forms
in which no linear dimension exceeds 75 mm.
of after heat treatment.
and products or devices containing any of the foregoing;
of radium-226 in any form.
(0.9 x 10^9 N/m^2 ) (130,500 lb/in.^2) or more at 293 K (20 centigrade) in the
form of tubes or cylindrical solid forms (including forgings) with an outside
diameter of more than 75 mm (3 in.).
before or after heat treatment
tungsten alloys (greater than 90% tungsten) having a mass greater than 20kg
and a hollow cylindrical symmetry (including cylinder segments) with an
inside diameter greater than 100 mm (4 in.) but less than 300 mm (12 in.),
except parts specifically designed for use as weights or gramma-ray
collimators.
500 parts zirconium by weight, in the form of metal, alloys containing more
than 50% zirconium by weight, and compounds, and manufactures wholly thereof;
except zirconium in the form of foil having a thickness not exceeding
0.10 mm (0.004 in.).
zirconium as defined here.
particle size of less than 10 m/1000000; except filamentary nickel powders;
gaseous diffusion barriers are controlled under the Nuclear Control List.
except: single porous nickel metal sheets not exceeding 1000 cm^2 per sheet.
material in (a) to form a metal material with fine pores interconnected
throughout the structure.
3. URANIUM ISOTOPE SEPARATION EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS (Other Than
Nuclear Control List Items)
greater than 250g of fluorine per hour.
and dies, as follows:
sections, baffles, and end caps. Such equipment includes precision mandrels,
clamps, and shrink fit machines.
tube sections to a common axis. (Note: Normally such equipment will consist
of precision measuring probes linked to a computer that subsequently controls
the action of, for example, pneumatic rams used for aligning the rotor tube
sections.)
bellows (bellows made of high-strength aluminum alloys, maraging steel, or
high-strength filamentary materials). The bellows have all of the following
dimensions:
horizontal or vertical, as follows:
having a length of 600 mm or more and having all of the following
characteristics:
cylindrical rotor components and having all of the following characteristics:
plane or better; and
wrapping, and winding fibers are coordinated and programmed in two or more
axes, specially designed to fabricate composite structures or laminates from
fibrous and filamentary materials and capable of winding cylindrical rotors
of diameter between 75 mm (3 in.) and 400 mm (16 in.) and lengths of 600 mm
(24 in.) or greater; coordinating and programming controls therefor;
precision mandrels; and "specially designed software" therefor.
generators having all of the following characteristics:
"motor stators" (as defined below) and having the characteristics listed
in (b) and (d) above, together with a total harmonic distortion of less
than 2% and an efficiency of greater than 80%.
multiphase AC hysteresis (or reluctance) motors for synchronous operation
within a vacuum in the frequency range of 600 - 2000 Hz and a power range
of 50 - 1000 VA. The stators consist of multiphase windings on a laminated
low-loss iron core comprising thin layers typically 2.0 mm (0.008 in.) thick
or less.
operating at wavelengths between 500 nm and 600 nm;
operating at wavelengths between 400 nm and 515 nm;
pulse-excited and Q-switched with a pulse duration equal to or greater than
1ns, and having either of the following:
exceeding 40 W;
exceeding 50 W;
incorporating frequency doubling, giving an output wavelength between 500 nm
and 550 nm with an average power at the doubled frequency (new wavelength) of
greater than 40 W;
power output of greater than 1 W, a repetition rate greater than 1 kHz,
a pulse less than 100 ns, and a wavelength between 300 nm and 800 nm;
mode oscillators. with an average power output of greater than 30W,
a repetition rate greater than 1 kHz, a pulse width less than 100ns, and
a wavelength between 300nm and 800nm;
rate of greater than 125 Hz, and an average power output greater than 30 W
operating at wavelengths between 720nm and 800nm;
250 Hz, an average power output of greater than 500W, and a pulse of less
than 200ns operating at wavelengths between 9000nm and 11,000nm;
typically 1 to 5 kW) industrial CO2 lasers used in applications such as
cutting and welding, as these latter lasers are either continuous wave or
are pulsed with a pulse width more than 200ns.
than 250 Hz and an average power output of greater than 500 W operating at
wavelengths of between 240 nm and 360 nm;
output wavelength and at a repetition rate greater than 250 Hz.
technology that have the potential for use in the nuclear industry are
controlled under items 1.2 and 1.3 of this list.
units or greater and having a resolution of better than 2 parts in 230, and
ion sources therefor as follows:
constructed from or lined with or plated with materials resistant to UF!6;
with stainless steel or molybdenum and have a cold trap capable of cooling
to 193 K(-80 centigrade) or less; or
with materials resistant to UF!6; or
designed for use with actinides or actinide fluorides;
spectrometers capable of taking "on-line" samples of feed, product, or tails
from UF6 gas streams and having all of the following characteristics:
nickel-plated;
pressure at any point in the range 0 to 13 kPa, with pressure sensing
elements made of or protected by nickel, nickel alloys with more than 60%
nickel by weight, aluminum or aluminum alloys as follows:
better than +-1% of full scale;
of better than +-130 Pa.
into an electrical signal.
hysteresis and repeatability at ambient temperature.
seal, wholly made of or lined with aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, or alloy
containing 60% or more nickel, either manually or automatically operated.
size parameter above refers to the smallest diameter.
characteristics:
(20 kilogauss);
of the inner volume.
as parts of medical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging systems. It is
understood that the wording "as part of" does not necessarily mean physical
part in the same shipment. Separate shipments from different sources are
allowed, provided the related export documents clearly specify the
"part of" relationship.
with a pumping speed of 15,000 liters/second or greater and capable of
producing an ultimate vacuum better than 10^-4 Torr ( 1.33 x 10^-4 mbar).
input of the pump blocked off.
nitrogen gas or air.
producing, over a time period of 8 hours, 100 V or greater with current
output of 500 amps or greater and with current or voltage regulation better
than 0.1%.
producing, over a time period of 8 hours, 20,000 V or greater with current
output of 1 amp or greater and with current or voltage regulation better
than 0.1%.
single or multiple ion sources capable of providing a total ion beam current
of 50 mA or greater.
isotopes as well as those for uranium. A separator capable of separating the
isotopes of lead with a one-mass unit difference is inherently capable of
enriching the isotopes of uranium with a three-unit mass difference.
both in the magnetic field and those configurations in which they are
external to the field.
HEU per year from natural abundance feed.
4.HEAVY WATER PRODUCTION PLANT RELATED EQUIPMENT (Other than the Nuclear
Control List Items)
water and made of phosphor bronze mesh (chemically treated to improve
wettability) and designed for use in vacuum distillation towers.
amide catalyst in liquid ammonia (KNH2/NH3), with all of the following
characteristics:
pressure of 1.5 - 60 MPa [15 - 600 atmospheres (atm)]; for dilute potassium
amide solutions (less than 1%), operating pressure of 20 - 60 MPa (200 - 600
atm); and
carbon steel with a diameter of 1.8m or greater, which can operate at nominal
pressures of 2 MPa (300 psi) or greater, and internal contractors therefor.
production of heavy water.
effective assembled diameter of 1.8 m or greater, are designed to facilitate
countercurrent contacting and are constructed of materials resistant to
corrosion by hydrogen sulfide/water mixtures. These may be sieve trays, valve
trays, bubble cap trays or turbogrid trays.
austenitic grain size number of 5 or greater.
in this entry are defined to be stainless steels with a carbon content of
0.03% or less.
applications:
(35 K) or less;
atmospheres);
sulfur content or equivalent cryogenic and H2 -compatible materials; and
5 m or greater.
synthesis gas (nitrogen and hydrogen) is withdrawn from an ammonia/hydrogen
high-pressure exchange column and the synthesized ammonia is returned to said
column.
operation below 35 K and a throughput of hrdrogen gas of 1000 kg/hr or
greater.
5. IMPLOSION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT EQUIPNFENT
energy of 500 keV or greater. as follows. except accelerators that are
component parts of devices designed for purposes other than electron beam
or x-ray radiation (electron microscopy, for example) and those designed for
medical purposes:
less than 25 MeV and with a figure of merit (K) of 0.25 or greater, where K
is defined as:
the total accelerated charge in coulombs if the accelerator beam pulse
duration is less than or equal to 1 microsecond, if the acceleration beam
pulse duration is greater than 1 microsecond, Q is the maximum accelerated
charge in 1 microsecond [Q equals the integral of i with respect to t, over
the lesser of 1 microsecond or the time duration of the beam pulse (Q =$idt),
where i is beam current in amperes and t is the time in seconds] or,
a peak power greater than 50 MW. [Peak power =(peak potential in volts) x
(peak beam current in amperes).]
accelerating cavities, the time duration of the beam pulse is the lesser of
1 s or the duration of the bunched beam packet resulting from one microwave
modulator pulse.
cavities, the peak beam current is the average current in the time duration
of a bunched beam packet.
electromagnetic, electrothermal, or other advanced systems) capable of
accelerating projectiles to 2 km per second or greater.
designed components therefor:
second;
electronics units and rotor assemblies consisting of turbines, mirrors, and
bearings.
and streak tubes therefor;
50 ns or less frame exposure time;
controlled in sub-item(b) above, as follows:
deposited on a transparent conductive coating to decrease photocathode sheet
resistance;
system allows gating, the photoelectrons from the photocathode before they
impinge on the SIT plate;
image gating time of less than 50 ns specially designed for cameras
controlled by sub-item (b) above.
per second during time intervals less than 10 microsecond. (Doppler laser
interferometers, etc.);
6. EXPLOSIVES AND RELATED EQUIPMENT
slapper, etc.)
simultaneously initiate an explosive surface (over greater than 5000 mm^2 )
from a single firing signal (with an initiation timing spread over the
surface of less than 2.5 microsecond).
(bridge, bridge wire, or foil) that explosively vaporizes when a fast,
high-current electrical pulse is passed through it. In nonslapper types, the
exploding conductor starts a chemical detonation in a contacting high
explosive material such as PETN (pentaerythritoltetranitrate). In slapper
detonators, the explosive vaporization of the electrical conductor drives
a "flyer" or "slapper" across a gap, and the impact of the slapper on an
explosive starts a chemical detonation. The slapper in some designs is driven
by magnetic force. The term "exploding foil" detonator may refer to either
an EB or a slapper-type detonator. Also, the word "initiator" is sometimes
used in place of the word "detonator".
not subject to control.
discharge capacitors)
tubes), whether gas filled or not, operating similarly to a spark gap,
containing three or more electrodes, and having all of the following
characteristics:
less and rated for a peak current of 500 A or more;
the following characteristics:
6.2.2. Capacitors with the following characteristics:
capacitance greater than 0.5 microfarad, and series inductance less than
50 nH, or
0.25 microfarad, and series inductance less than 10 nH.
controlled detonators), as follows:
detonators covered under item 6.1. above;
mobile, or ruggedized-use (including xenon flash-lamp drivers) having all the
following characteristics:
than 40 ohms (Rise time is defined as the time interval from 10% to 90%
current amplitude when driving a resistive load);
to 100 centigrade) or specified as suitable for aerospace use.
any of the following:
having, a detonation velocity greater then 8000 m/s; or
7. NUCLEAR TESTING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
20 cm^2 having an anode pulse rise time of less than 1 ns.
into a less than 55 ohm resistive load, and with pulse transition times less
than 500 ps (defined as the time interval between 10% and 90% voltage
amplitude).
8. OTHER
without an external vacuum system and utilizing electrostatic acceleration
to induce a tritium-deuterium nuclear reaction.
to nuclear reactors as follows:
radiochemical separation operations and hot cells, as follows:
('through-the-wall' operation); or
a thickness of 0.6m or more ('over-the-wall' operation).
to a remote operating arm and terminal fixture. They may be of a
'master/slave' type or operated by joystick or keypad.
greater than 0.09 m^2 on cold area and with a density greater than 3 g/cm^3
and a thickness of 100 mm or greater; and specially designed frames therefor;
designed or rated as radiation hardened to withstand greater than
5 x 10^4 grays (Silicon) (5 x 10^6 rad (Silicon)) without operational
degradation.
the ratio of tritium to hydrogen by atoms exceeds 1 part in 1000 and products
or devices containing any of the foregoing;
tritium in any form.
concentration or handling of tritium;
(-250 centigrade) or less, with heat removal capacity greater than 150 watts;
hydrides as the storage, or purification medium.
the hydrogen isotope exchange reaction between hydrogen and water for the
recovery of tritium from heavy water or for the production of heavy water.
mixtures containing helium-3, and products or devices containing any of the
foregoing;
or greater but less than 200 years, compounds or mixtures containing any of
these radionuclides with a total alpha activity of 1 curie per kilogram
(37 GBq/kg) or greater, and products or devices containing any of the
foregoing;
alpha activity.
follows:
amalgams;
Notes:
subscript of "UF".
of 10; "cm^2" means two square centimetres.
"0.00025' " means an angle of 0.00025 degrees.
by "i".
URL: http://www.asianlii.org/cn/legis/cen/laws/roecondiart756