Laws of the People's Republic of China

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China

Order of the President of the People's Republic of China

No.75

The Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China was amended and adopted at the 29th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on August 29, 2002, the amended Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on December 1, 2002.

Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China

August 29, 2002

Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China ContentsChapter 1 General Provisions

Chapter 2 Surveying and Mapping Benchmark and Systems

Chapter 3 Basic Surveying and Mapping

Chapter 4 Borderline Surveying and Mapping and Other Surveying and Mapping

Chapter 5 Qualification and Competency of Surveying and Mapping

Chapter 6 Achievement of Surveying and Mapping

Chapter 7 Protection of Surveying Markers

Chapter 8 Legal Responsibilities

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

Chapter 1 General Provisions

Article 1

This Law is formulated for the purpose of strengthening the administration of surveying and mapping, promoting the development of the undertaking of surveying and mapping and ensuring the service thereof to the national economic construction, the building-up of national defense, and the social development.

Article 2

All surveying and mapping activities conducted in the domain of People's Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall comply with this Law.

The "surveying and mapping" as used in this Law shall refer to the surveying, collection and presentation of the shape, size, spatial location and properties of the natural geographic factors or the man-made facilities on the surface, as well as the activities for processing and providing of the obtained data, information and achievements.

Article 3

The undertaking of surveying and mapping is fundamental to the economic construction, the building-up of national defense and the social development. The people's governments at all levels shall strengthen the leadership over the work of surveying and mapping.

Article 4

The competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council shall be in charge of the unified supervision and administration of the surveying and mapping work throughout the country. Other relevant departments under the State Council shall be responsible for the management of surveying and mapping work related to them according to the division of functions and responsibilities assigned to them by the State Council.

The administrative departments responsible for the management on surveying and mapping work under the local people's governments at or above the county level (hereinafter refer to competent administrative department of surveying and mapping) l shall be responsible for unified supervision and management on the surveying and mapping work within their respective administrative regions. Other relevant departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the management of surveying and mapping work related to them according to the division of functions and responsibilities assigned to them by the people's governments at the corresponding level.

The competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces shall be responsible for the management of surveying and mapping work of military departments, and shall, according to the division of the functions and responsibilities assigned to it by the State Council and the Central Military Commission, be responsible for the management of basic marine surveying and charting work.

Article 5

Those conducting surveying and mapping shall make use of the surveying and mapping benchmark and systems prescribed by the State and execute the technical norms and standards of surveying and mapping prescribed by the state.

Article 6

The state shall encourage the innovation and advancement in science and technology of surveying and mapping , and the adoption of advanced technology and equipment so as to improve the level of surveying and mapping.

Entities and individuals that have made significant contributions to the advancement on science and technology of surveying and mapping shall be awarded in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

Article 7

A foreign organization or individual that conducts surveying and mapping in the domain of the People's Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China must be subject to the approval of the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council jointly with the competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces, and must abide by the relevant laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China.

A foreign organization or individual that conducts surveying and mapping in the domain of the People's Republic of China must take the form of joint venture or cooperation with the relevant departments or entities of the People's Republic of China, and may not deal with any state secret and harm the state security.

Chapter 2 Surveying and Mapping Benchmark and Systems

Article 8

The State shall establish and adopt the nationwide unified geodetic benchmark , vertical benchmark , depth benchmark and gravimetric benchmark , and the data thereof shall be examined and verified by the administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council and, after consultation with other relevant departments under the State Council and the competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces, shall be submitted to the State Council for approval.

Article 9

The State shall establish a nationwide unified geodetic coordinates system, plane coordinates system, vertical system, geocentric coordinates system and gravimetric survey system, and define the grade and precision of the national geodetic survey, as well as the national basic scale map series and their basic precision. Specific norms and requirements shall be formulated by the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council after consultation with other relevant departments under the State Council and the competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces.

Under the circumstances that the state security shall not be disturbed, the adoption of international coordinates systems where it is really necessary must be subject to the approval of the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council jointly with the competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces.

Article 10

Where the large cities and major engineering projects of the state do need to establish relatively independent plane coordinates systems for the needs of construction, urban planning and scientific research, the establishment shall be subject to the approval of competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council; and other establishment of relatively independent plane coordinates systems where it is really necessary shall be subject to the approval of the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping of the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.

The relatively independent plane coordinate systems established shall be connected with the state coordinate systems.

Chapter 3 Basic Surveying and Mapping

Article 11

Basic surveying and mapping is a public welfare undertaking. The state shall administer the basic surveying and mapping on a classified grade basis.

The "basic surveying and mapping" as used in this Law shall refer to establishing nationwide unified surveying and mapping benchmark and systems, conducting basic aerial photography, obtaining remote sense materials of basic geographic information, mapping and updating national basic scale maps, image maps and digital products; and establishing and updating the basic geographic information systems.

Article 12

The competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council shall, jointly with other relevant departments under the State Council and the competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces, draw up the plan for national basic surveying and mapping, submit the plan to the State Council and take charge of the implementation after approval.

The competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, jointly with other relevant departments of the people's governments at the corresponding level, take charge of the drawing-up of the plans for basic surveying and mapping of their respective administrative regions on the basis of the plans for basic surveying and mapping of the state and the people's governments at the next higher level and in light of the actual situation of their respective administrative regions, and shall submit such plans to the people's governments at the corresponding level for approval and take charge of implementation after submitting them to the competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping at the next higher level for record. .

Article 13

The competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces shall draw up the plans for military surveying and mapping, draw up plans for the basic marine surveying and charting according to the division of functions and responsibilities assigned to it by the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and shall take charge of their implementation.

Article 14

The people's governments at or above the county level shall put the basic surveying and mapping into their annual plans and financial budgets of national economic and social development at the corresponding level.

The competent department of development planning under the State Council shall, jointly with the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council, draw up the annual plan for national basic surveying and mapping on the basis of the plan for national basic surveying and mapping.

The competent departments of development planning of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, jointly with the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping at the corresponding level, draw up the annual plans for basic surveying and mapping of their respective administrative regions on the basis of the plans for basic surveying and mapping of their respective administrative regions, and shall submit such annual plans to the respective competent departments for record.

The state shall give financial support to the basic surveying and mapping of the remote areas and the areas of minor nationalities.

Article 15

The results of basic surveying and mapping shall be updated periodically, and those urgently needed in the construction of national economy, national defense and social development shall be updated timely

The updating period of basic surveying and mapping results shall be determined according to the needs of national economic and social development of different areas.

Chapter 4 Borderline Surveying and Mapping and Other Surveying and Mapping

Article 16

Surveying and mapping of national boundaries of the People's Republic of China shall be carried out in accordance with the boundary treaties or agreements signed by the People's Republic of China with the adjacent nations. Standard sample maps of the national boundaries of the map of People's Republic of China shall be drafted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council, and be submitted to the State Council for approval and promulgate it after approval..

Article 17

Surveying and mapping of administrative regions boundaries shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Council. The standard drawings of administrative regions boundaries between provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and between autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and city districts shall be drafted by the department of civil affairs under the State Council jointly with the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council, and be submitted to the State Council for approval and promulgate it after approval..

Article 18

The competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council shall, jointly with the competent administrative department of land under the State Council, draw up the plan for national cadastre surveying and mapping. The competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall, jointly with the competent administrative departments of land at the corresponding level, draw up the plans for cadastre surveying and mapping of their respective administrative regions.

The competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping of the people's governments at or above the county level shall, on the basis of the plans for cadastre surveying and mapping, take charge of the organization and administration of cadastre surveying and mapping.

Article 19

Surveying and mapping of the ownership boundary location lines of lands, buildings, structures and other aboveground objects attached to the land shall be conducted in accordance with the ownership boundary location points and ownership boundary location lines determined by the local people's governments at or above the county level or by the relevant registration data and attached maps provided by such governments. In case of alteration of the ownership boundary location lines, the parties concerned shall make the surveying and mapping of alteration timely.

Article 20

For the engineering surveying activity of urban construction areas, and the surveying of the house area related to the property right or property owner of the house, the technical norms of surveying organized and drawn up by the competent administrative department of construction under the State Council and the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council shall be executed.

The engineering surveying activity in water conservancy, energy, traffic, communication, resource development and other areas shall be carried out pursuant to the relevant technical norms of engineering surveying of the state.

Article 21

Establishment of geographic information systems must make use of the basic geographic information data that meet the state standards

Chapter 5 Qualification and Competency for Surveying and Mapping

Article 22

The state shall adopt the system of administration of surveying and mapping qualification to the entities conducting surveying and mapping.

Entities conducting surveying and mapping shall possess the following conditions, and shall obtain the certificates of surveying and mapping qualification of the corresponding grade before conducting any surveying and mapping:

(1)

Having the professional technical personnel compatible with the conduction of surveying and mapping;

(2)

Having the technical equipment and facilities compatible with the conduction of surveying and mapping;

(3)

Having a sound technique, quality guarantee system and the management system for surveying and mapping results and the materials and archives;

(4)

Having other conditions ruled by the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping; under the State Council.

Article 23

The competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council and the competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to their respective functions and responsibilities, be in charge of the examination of the qualification for surveying and mapping and the issuance of the qualification certificates. The specific measures shall be provided for by the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council after consultation with other relevant departments under the State Council.

The competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces shall be responsible for the examination of the qualification for surveying and mapping of the military entities.

Article 24

A surveying and mapping entity may not conduct surveying and mapping beyond the scope of its qualification grade or conduct surveying and mapping in the name of other surveying and mapping entities, neither may it allow other entities to conduct surveying and mapping in its name.

In the contracting of a surveying and mapping project, the contract-issuing entity may not give the contract to an entity without the corresponding surveying and mapping qualification grade or force the surveying and mapping entity to contract the project with the contracting fee lower than the cost.

The surveying and mapping entity may not sub-contract the surveying and mapping project it contracted.

Article 25

The professional technical personnel conducting surveying and mapping shall have the corresponding condition of practice qualification, the specific measures shall be prescribed by the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council jointly with the competent administrative department of personnel under the State Council.

Article 26

Surveying and mapping personnel shall conduct surveying and mapping work with surveying and mapping work certificates.

No entity or individual may impede or obstruct the surveying and mapping conducted by surveying and mapping personnel in accordance with the law.

Article 27

The format of the certificate of qualification of surveying and mapping entity, the practice certificate of professional surveying and mapping technical personnel and the surveying and mapping work certificates of the surveying and mapping personnel shall be uniformly prescribed by the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council.

Chapter 6 Achievement of Surveying and Mapping

Article 28

The state shall adopt the system of collection and submission of surveying and mapping achievement.

After a surveying and mapping project is finished, the sponsor of the project or the entity undertaking the project with state investment shall collect and submit the surveying and mapping achievement and materials to the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council or the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping of the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous regions, or municipality directly under the Central Government. If a project of surveying and mapping belong to basic one, the counterparts of the surveying and mapping achievement shall be collected and submitted; If a project of surveying and mapping belongs to non-basic one, the catalog of surveying and mapping achievement shall be collected and submitted. The competent administrative department of surveying and mapping in charge of acceptance of the counterparts and catalogs of surveying and mapping achievement shall issue the proof of collection and submission of the achievement, and shall transfer the counterparts and catalogs to the depository units . The State Council shall formulate the specific measures for the collection and submission of surveying and mapping achievement .

The competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council or the competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government shall periodically compile the catalogs of surveying and mapping achievement and promulgate them to the public.

Article 29

The depository units of surveying and mapping achievement shall take measures to ensure the completeness and safety of the surveying and mapping achievement , and shall publicize and provide the achievement to the public pursuant to the relevant provisions of the state.

Where the surveying and mapping achievements belong to state secrets, the provisions of the laws and regulations of the state on secrecy shall be applied; if such achievements need to be provided to foreign organizations or individuals, the examination and approval procedures prescribed by the State Council and the Central Military Commission shall be followed.

Article 30

With respect to the surveying and mapping projects financed by the finance fund and the construction engineering surveying and mapping projects financed by the finance fund, the relevant departments shall seek opinions from the competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping of the people's governments at the corresponding level before approving the establishment of the project, if there are suitable surveying and mapping achievements , the existing achievements shall be fully utilized and shall avoid the repeated surveying and mapping

Article 31

The achievements of basic surveying and mapping and other surveying and mapping achievements achieved by state investment that are used in decision-making of the state or in public welfare undertakings shall be provided gratuitously.

Except those prescribed in the preceding paragraph , the system of compensated use shall be applied according to law.,; but such achievement may be used gratuitously for the needs of public interests of the governments and the relevant departments and armed forces due to the prevention and mitigation of disasters, and the construction of national defense, etc.

The State Council shall formulate the specific measures for the use of surveying and mapping achievement.

Article 32

The significant geographic information and data concerning the positions, elevations, depths, areas and lengths in the domain of the People's Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China shall be examined and verified by the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council , and after consultation with other relevant departments under the State Council and the competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces, be submitted to the State Council for approval, and then promulgated by the State Council or by the department authorized thereby.

Article 33

The people's governments at all levels shall strengthen the administration of the compiling, printing, publication, and publishing of maps, to guarantee the quality of the maps and to safeguard the sovereignty, security and interests of the state. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council .

The people's governments at all levels shall strengthen the propaganda and education on consciousness of the state territory, and increase the . civic consciousness of the state territory.

Article 34

Surveying and mapping entities shall be responsible for the quality of the surveying and mapping achievements finished by them. The competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping of the people's governments at or above the county level shall strengthen the supervision and administration of the quality of surveying and mapping achievements .

Chapter 7 Protection of Surveying Markers

Article 35

No entity or individual may damage, destroy, or remove without authorization the permanent surveying markers as well as the temporary surveying markers still in use, or seize or occupy the land used for permanent surveying markers, or conduct any activity which endangers the safety and utilization efficiency of the surveying marker within the security control area of a permanent surveying marker.

The permanent surveying markers as used in this Law refer to the wooden or steel target mark and stone markers for triangulation points, baseline points, lead points, military control points, gravimetric points, astronomic points, leveling points and satellite location points of various grads , as well as fixed markers used for topographic mapping, engineering surveying and deformation measurement, and installations at seabed geodetic points.

Article 36

An entity that establishes permanent surveying markers shall set up distinct signs for such markers, and shall entrust an appropriate local entity with the designation of personnel to take care of such surveying markers

Article 37

A construction entity shall, when carrying out engineering construction, seek to avoid permanent surveying markers; if it is absolutely impossible to avoid such markers and necessary to have them removed or lost efficiency, the construction entity shall get the approval from the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping under the State Council or from the competent administrative department of surveying and mapping of the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government; where military control points are involved, the consent of the competent department of surveying and mapping in the armed forces shall be obtained. The construction entity shall bear the expenses for the removal and reestablishment of such markers.

Article 38

The personnel of surveying and mapping that make use of permanent surveying markers shall have their surveying and mapping work certificates, and ensure the surveying markers remain in good condition.

The personnel taking care of the surveying markers shall inspect and examine the perfection situation of the markers after employment.

Article 39

The people's governments at or above the county level shall take effective measures to strengthen the protection of surveying markers.

The competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping of the people's governments at or above the county level shall check and maintain the permanent surveying markers according to the provisions.

The people's governments at the township level shall responsible for the protection of surveying markers within their respective administrative regions.

Chapter 8 Legal Responsibilities

Article 40

Whoever, in violation of this Law, commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning and be ordered to correct the act, and may be imposed on a fine of less than 100,000 yuan concurrently; the directly responsible personnel in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative punish in accordance with the law:

(1)

Establishing relatively independent plane coordinates systems without approval;

(2)

Employing the basic geographic information data that don't meet the state standards in the establishment of geographic information systems.

Article 41

Whoever, in violation of this Law, commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning and be ordered to correct the act, and may be imposed on a fine of less than 100,000 yuan concurrently; where a crime has been constituted, the criminal liabilities shall be imposed ; where the circumstances are not serious enough for criminal punishment, the directly responsible personnel in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative punish in accordance with the law:

(1)

Employing international coordinates systems in surveying and mapping without approval;

(2)

Releasing important geographic information data of the domain of the People's Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China without authorization.

Article 42

Whoever, in violation of this Law, conducts surveying and mapping activity without the certificate of qualification for surveying and mapping and permission shall be ordered to stop the illegal act, the illegal gains and the surveying and mapping achievements shall be confiscated, and a fine of more than 1 time but less than 2 times of the agreed remuneration for surveying and mapping shall be imposed.

For those obtaining the certificate of qualification for surveying and mapping by deceitful means to conduct surveying and mapping activity, their qualification certificates shall be revoked, the illegal gains and the surveying and mapping achievements shall be confiscated, and a fine of more than 1 time but less than 2 times of the agreed remuneration for surveying and mapping shall be imposed, .

Article 43

Any surveying and mapping entity that, in violation of this Law, commits any of the following acts shall be ordered to stop the illegal act, the illegal gains and surveying and mapping achievements shall be confiscated, a fine of more than 1 time but less than 2 times of the agreed remuneration for surveying and mapping shall be imposed on that entity, and the entity may be ordered to stop business for rectification or its qualification grade may be lowered; where the circumstances are serious, its certificate of qualification for surveying and mapping shall be revoked:

(1)

Conducting surveying and mapping activity beyond the permitted scope the qualification grade;

(2)

Conducting surveying and mapping activity in the name of other surveying and mapping entities;

(3)

Allowing other entities to conduct surveying and mapping activities in its name.

Article 44

If a contract-issuing entity, in violation of this Law, contracts the surveying and mapping project to a surveying and mapping entity without the corresponding qualification grade or forces a surveying and mapping entity to undertake the project with the contracting fee lower than the cost, the contract-issuing entity shall be ordered to correct its act, and may be imposed a fine of not more than 2 times of the agreed remuneration for surveying and mapping. If any staff member of the contract-issuing entity takes advantage of his powers to demand money or property from others or illegally accepts money or property from others and seeks interests for others in return, where a crime has been constituted, the criminal liabilities shall be imposed pursuant to law; where the circumstances are not serious enough for criminal punishment, administrative punish shall be given pursuant to law.

Article 45

Any surveying and mapping entity that, in violation of this Law, sub-contracts the surveying and mapping project shall be ordered to correct its act, the illegal gains shall be confiscated, a fine of more than 1 time but less than 2 times of the agreed remuneration for surveying and mapping shall be imposed, and the entity may be ordered to stop its business for rectification or its qualification grade may be lowered; where the circumstances are serious, its certificate of qualification for surveying and mapping shall be revoked.

Article 46

Whoever, in violation of this Law, conducts surveying and mapping activity without the practice qualification for surveying and mapping and permission, shall be ordered to stop the illegal act, the illegal gains shall be confiscated, a fine of not more than 2 times of the illegal gains may be imposed concurrently; where any loss is caused, the offender shall undertake the liable for compensation according to law..

Article 47

Whoever, in violation of this Law, fails to collect and submit the surveying and mapping achievements and materials shall be ordered to collect and submit the achievements and materials within the specific time limit; where no collection and submission is made within that time limit, the sponsor of the surveying and mapping project shall be imposed on a fine of more than 1 time but less than 2 times of the expenses needed for a renewing surveying and mapping; the entity undertaking a surveying and mapping project with state investment shall be imposed on a fine of more than 100,000 but less than 50,000 yuan, and its certificate of qualification for surveying and mapping shall be suspended, if the entity fails to collect and submit the surveying and mapping achievement and materials within 6 months from the day of suspension of its qualification certificate, the certificate shall be revoked, and the directly responsible personnel in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions pursuant to law.

Article 48

For the substandard quality of surveying and mapping results due to violation of this law, the surveying and mapping entity shall be ordered to make up the surveying and mapping or do it over again; where the circumstances are serious, the entity shall be ordered to stop business for rectification, it qualification grade shall be lowered until its certificate of qualification for surveying and mapping shall be revoked; where any loss has been caused to the user, the entity shall be responsible for liable of compensation according to law.

Article 49

If the map drawn up, printed, published or showed contains any mistake, omits any information or discloses any secret and thus harms the sovereignty or security of the state, or injures the interests of the state, where a crime has been constituted, the criminal liabilities shall be imposed pursuant to law; where the circumstances are not serious enough for criminal punishment, administrative punishment or administrative sanctions shall be given pursuant to law.

Article 50

Whoever, in violation of this Law, commits any of the following acts shall be given a warning and be ordered to correct the act, and may be imposed a fine of not more than 50,000 yuan concurrently; where any loss has been caused, the offender shall be liable for compensation according to law; where a crime has been constituted, the criminal liabilities shall be imposed pursuant to law; where the circumstances are not serious enough for criminal punishment, the directly responsible personnel in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions pursuant to law:

(1)

Damaging, destroying or without authorization removing permanent surveying markers and temporary surveying markers still in use;

(2)

Seizing or occupying the land used for permanent surveying markers

(3)

Conducting activities that endanger the safety and effective utilization of surveying marker within the security control area of a permanent surveying marker;

(4)

Constructing buildings that affect the utilization efficiency of surveying marker within the land occupied by a surveying marker;

(5)

Without authorization demolishing permanent surveying markers or making permanent surveying markers lose utilization efficiency, or refusing to pay for the expenses for removal and reestablishment;

(6)

Disobeying the operation rules to use the permanent surveying markers and thus causing damages to permanent surveying markers.

Article 51

Whoever, in violation of this Law, commits any of the following acts shall be ordered to stop the illegal act, the surveying and mapping achievement and tools shall be confiscated, and a fine of more than 10,000 yuan but less than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed concurrently; where the circumstances are serious, a fine of more than 100,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed and be ordered to leave the territory of China within a specific time limit; where the achieved surveying and mapping achievement are state secrets and a crime has been constituted, the criminal liabilities shall be imposed pursuant to law:

(1)

Foreign organizations or individuals conduct surveying and mapping activity in the domain of the People's Republic of China and other sea areas under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China without approval;

(2)

Foreign organizations or individuals conduct surveying and mapping activities within the territory of the People's Republic of China without in the form of joint venture or cooperation with the relevant departments or entities of the People's Republic of China.

Article 52

The administrative punishment of lowering the qualification grade, and suspending or revoking the certificate of qualification for surveying and mapping shall be decided by the departments issuing the qualification certificates; other administrative punishment shall be decided by the competent administrative departments of surveying and mapping of the people's governments at or above the county level.

Ordering to leave the territory of China prescribed in Article 51 of this Law shall be decided by the public security offices.

Article 53

If any member of the departments of surveying and mapping of the people's governments at or above the county level takes advantage of his powers to accept money and property or other benefits from others, or neglects his duties and issues certificates of qualification for surveying and mapping to the entities that don't meet the conditions provided for by the law, fails to perform the duties of supervision and administration pursuant to law or fails to punish the illegal acts that have been found out, and thus causes serious consequences, where a crime has been constituted, the criminal liabilities shall be imposed pursuant to law; where the circumstances are not serious enough for criminal punishment, the directly responsible personnel in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions.

Chapter 9 Supplementary Provisions

Article 54

The Central Military Commission shall formulate the Measures for the Administration of Military Surveying and Mapping in accordance with this Law.

Article 55

This Law shall come into force on December 1, 2002.