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Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1998 |
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Article 19.
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea relies on the socialist production
relations and on the foundation of an independent national economy.
Article 20.
In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea the means of production are
owned by the State and social, cooperative organizations.
Article 21.
The property of the State belongs to the entire people.
There is no limit to the property which the State can own.
All natural resources of the country, railways, air transport service and communications
establishments, as well as major factories and enterprises, ports and banks
are owned solely by the State.
The State shall protect and develop on a preferential basis State property playing
the leading role in the economic development of the country.
Article 22.
The property of social, cooperative organizations is collectively owned by the
working people involved in the organizations concerned.
Land, farm machines, ships, as well as small and medium-size factories and enterprises may be owned by social, cooperative organizations.
The State shall protect the property of social, cooperative organizations.
Article 23.
The State shall enhance the ideological consciousness and the technical and
cultural level of the peasants, increase the role of the property of the entire
people in leading the cooperative property so as to combine the two forms of
property in an organic way, shall consolidate and develop the socialist cooperative
economic system by improving the guidance and management of the cooperative
economy and gradually transform the property of cooperative organizations into
the property of the people as a whole based on the voluntary will of all their
members.
Article 24.
Private property is property owned and consumed by individual citizens.
Private property is derived from socialist distribution according to work done and from fringe benefits granted by the State and society.
The products of individual sideline activities including those from the kitchen gardens, as well as the income from other legal economic activities shall also be private property.
The State shall protect private property and guarantee the right to inherit it by law.
Article 25.
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea regards the steady improvement
of the material and cultural standards of the people as the supreme principle
of its activities.
The increasing material wealth of society in our country, where taxes have been abolished, is used entirely to promote the well-being of the working people.
The State shall provide all working people with every condition for obtaining food, clothing and housing.
Article 26.
The independent national economy in the Democratic People's Republic of
Korea is a solid foundation for the people's happy socialist life and
for the country's prosperity.
The State, adhering to the socialist line of building an independent national
economy, shall endeavour to promote the national economy onto a Juche-oriented,
modern and scientific basis so as to make the national economy highly developed,
Juche-oriented economy and build material and technical foundations commensurate
with a completely socialist society.
Article 27.
The technical revolution is a basic link for developing the socialist economy.
The State shall conduct all economic activities giving primary preference to technical development, push ahead with scientific and technical development and the technical renovation of the national economy and vigorously launch the mass technical innovation movement so as to free the working people from difficult, tiresome labour and to narrow down the distinctions between physical and mental labour.
Article 28.
The State shall industrialize and modernize agriculture through the rural technical
revolution and improve the role of the county and its guidance and assistance
to rural areas in order to eliminate the difference between town and country
and the class distinction between workers and peasants.
The State shall undertake, at its own expense, the building of production facilities for the cooperative farms and modern houses in the countryside.
Article 29.
Socialism and communism are built by the creative labour of the working people.
Labour in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is the independent
and creative labour of the working people, freed from exploitation and oppression.
The State renders the labour of our working people, who do not worry about unemployment,
more joyful and worthwhile, so that they willingly work with enthusiasm and
creativeness for society, the collective and themselves.
Article 30.
The working day shall be eight hours.
The length of the working day shall be reduced by the State in arduous trades and other special categories of work.
The State shall guarantee that the working hours are fully utilized through proper organization of labour and enforcement of labour discipline.
Article 31.
In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea the minimum working age is
16 years.
The State shall prohibit the employment of children under the minimum working age.
Article 32.
The State shall firmly adhere to the principle of properly combining political
guidance with economic and technical guidance, the unified guidance of the State
with the creativeness of each unit, unitary direction with democracy, political
and moral incentive with material incentive in the guidance and management of
the socialist economy.
Article 33.
The State shall direct and manage the national economy through the Taean work
system, a socialist form of economic management whereby the economy is operated
and managed scientifically and rationally on the basis of collective effort
of the producer masses, and through the system of agricultural guidance whereby
agricultural management is conducted by industrial methods.
The State shall enforce the self-financing system in economic management to meet the requirements of the Taean work system and make proper use of such economic levers as cost, price and profit.
Article 34.
The national economy of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is a
planned economy.
The State shall draw up and implement the plans for the development of the national economy in accordance with the laws of socialist economic development so that the balance of accumulation and consumption can be maintained correctly, economic construction accelerated, the people's living standard steadily raised and the nation's defence capability strengthened.
The State shall ensure a high rate of growth in production and a balanced development of the national economy by implementing unified and detailed planning.
Article 35.
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea shall compile and implement
the State budget according to the national economic development plan.
The State shall systematically increase its accumulations and expand and develop socialist property by intensifying the campaign for increased production and greater economy, and by exercising strict financial control in all spheres.
Article 36.
In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea foreign trade shall be conducted
by the State or social, cooperative organizations.
The State shall develop foreign trade on the principles of complete equality and mutual benefit.
Article 37.
The State shall encourage institutions, enterprises and organizations in our
country to joint ventures and cooperation of enterprise with foreign corporations
and individuals as well as the establishment and operation of a variety of enterprise
in special economic zones.
Article 38.
The State shall pursue a tariff policy to protect the independent national economy.