THE PUNJAB LAWS ACT, 1872

(Act IV of 1872)

Sections

1. Short title.

2. Local extent -- Commencement.

3. Enactments in force.

4. [Repealed]

CIVIL JUDICATURE

5. Decision in certain cases to be according to Native law.

6. Decisions in cases not specially provided for.

7. Local customs and mercantile usages when valid.

8. [Repealed]

8A. [Repealed]

8B. [Repealed]

8C. [Repealed]

PRE-EMPTION

9. [Repealed]

10. [Repealed]

11. [Repealed]

12. [Repealed]

13. [Repealed]

14. [Repealed]

15. [Repealed]

16. [Repealed]

17. [Repealed]

18. [Repealed]

19. [Repealed]

20. [Repealed]

DECREES CONCERNING LAND

21. [Repealed]

INSOLVENCY

22. [Repealed]

23. [Repealed]

24. [Repealed]

25. [Repealed]

26. [Repealed]

27. [Repealed]

28. [Repealed]

29. [Repealed]

30. [Repealed]

31. [Repealed]

32. [Repealed]

33. [Repealed]

MINORS AND THE COURT OF WARDS

30 to 38. [Repealed]

CRIMINAL JUDICATURE

39. Pakistan Penal Code to apply to offences committed previous to 1st January, 1862 -- Saving of privileges conferred on certain Chiefs.

39A. Power to establish a system of village-watchmen and municipal watchmen, and to make rules.

39B. Obligation to assist watchmen and headmen -- Person obstructing watchman or headman may be arrested without warrant.

39C. Power to direct local taxation for payment of police enrolled under Act V of 1861.

39D. Notice of taxes proposed to be levied -- Objections to taxation -- Procedure thereon.

39E. Power to fix rates of tax.

39F. Power to make rules for collection of taxes.

39G. [Repealed]

HONORARY POLICE-OFFICERS

40. Provincial Government may confer powers of Police-officer.

TRACK LAW

41. Trackers may call for assistance in carrying on tracks.

42. Penalty for withholding assistance or conniving at offence or escape -- Limit to fine-- Appeal to High Court -- Fine may be awarded to injured parties, and fee to tracker.

SLAUGHTER OF KINE

43. [Repealed]

ARMED MEN AND FOREIGN VAGRANTS

44. Control of entry into towns of bands of armed men.

45. Powers of Magistrate of District as to foreign vagrants.

46. Surveillance, etc., of band failing to comply with Magistrate's order.

MISCELLANEOUS

47. Crossing of streams on buoys or skins.

48. Use of pasturage or natural product of Government land.

49. [Repealed]

50. Power to make rules as to matters mentioned in sections 43 to 48 -- Existing rules.

50A. Conditions of validity of rules hereafter made under this Act.

50B. Penalties for breach of such rules.

51. Republication of rules and orders.

52. [Repealed]

SCHEDULE I

Enactments Declared to be in Force

SCHEDULE II

[Enactments Repealed]

^[1]THE PUNJAB LAWS ACT, 1872

(ACT IV OF 1872)

[28 March 1872]

An Act for declaring which of certain rules, laws and regulations have the force of law in the Punjab and for other purposes.

Preamble.-- WHEREAS certain rules, laws and regulations, made heretofore for the Punjab, acquired the force of law under the provisions of section 25 of the ^[2]Indian Councils Act, 1861^[3]; and whereas it is expedient to declare which of the said rules, laws and regulations shall henceforth be in force in the Punjab, and to amend, consolidate or repeal others of the said rules, orders and regulations;

It is hereby enacted as follows:-

1. Short title.-- This act may be called the Punjab Laws Act, 1872.

2. Local extent -- Commencement.-- It extends to the ^[4]territories ^[5][comprised in the Punjab], but not so as to alter the effect of any regulations made for any parts of the said territories under the ^[6]Statute 33 Vict., cap. 3, section 1;

and it shall come into force on the first day of June, 1872.

3. Enactments in force.-- The Regulations, Acts and orders specified in the First Schedule hereto annexed are in force in ^[7][the Punjab] to the extent specified in the third column of the said schedule.

4. [Enactments repealed]. Rep. by the Second Repealing and Amending Act, 1914 (XVII of 1914), section 3, and Schedule II.

CIVIL JUDICATURE

^[8][5. Decision in certain cases to be according to Native law.-- In questions regarding succession, special property of females, betrothal, marriage, divorce, dower, adoption, guardianship, minority, bastardy, family relations, wills, legacies, gifts, partitions, or any religious usage or institution, the rule of decision shall be--

(a) any custom applicable to the parties concerned, which is not contrary to justice, equity or good conscience, and has not been by this or any other enactment altered or abolished and has not been declared to be void by any competent authority;

(b) the Muhammadan law, in cases where the parties are Muhammadans, and the Hindu law, in cases where the parties are Hindus, except in so far as such law has been altered or abolished by legislative enactment, or is opposed to the provisions of this Act, or has been modified by any such custom as is above referred to].

6. Decisions in cases not specially provided for.-- In cases not otherwise specially provided for, the Judges shall decide according to justice, equity and good conscience.

7. Local customs and mercantile usages when valid.-- All local customs and mercantile usages shall be regarded as valid, unless they are contrary to justice, equity or good conscience, or have, before the passing of this Act, been declared to be void by any competent authority.

^[9][* * * *]

^[10][8, 8A, 8B and 8C. [Regarding descent of Jaghirs] Rep. by the Punjab Jaghirs Act, 1941 (Punjab Act V of 1941), section 13].

PRE-EMPTION

9 to 20. Rep. by the Punjab Pre-emption Act, 1905 (Punjab Act II of 1905), section 2 (1).

DECREES CONCERNING LAND

21. [Copy of decrees affecting land to be forwarded to Deputy Commissioner]. Rep. by the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887 (XVII of 1887).

INSOLVENCY

22 to 32. Rep. by the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1907 (III of 1907).

33. [Saving of previous insolvency proceedings]. Rep. by the Amending Act, 1891 (XII of 1891).

MINORS AND THE COURT OF WARDS

30 to 38. Rep. by the Punjab Court of Wards Act, 1903 (Punjab Act II of 1903), section 2 (1).

CRIMINAL JUDICATURE

39. Pakistan Penal Code to apply to offences committed previous to 1st January, 1862 -- Saving of privileges conferred on certain Chiefs.-- The provisions of the Pakistan Penal Code^[11], with the exception of Chapter VI, shall be applicable to all offences committed before first January, 1862, in territory which was, at the time of the commission of such offence, subject to ^[12][the Provincial Government] of the Punjab:

Provided that nothing contained in this section shall affect any privilege conferred on certain Chiefs in the Punjab by the ^[13][Federal Government], or by the Board of Administration for the affairs of the Punjab, nor any indemnity or pardon granted by competent authority.

^[14][39A. Power to establish a system of village-watchmen and municipal watchmen, and to make rules.-- ^[15][The Provincial Government] may establish a system of village-watchmen or municipal watchmen in any part of the ^[16][Punjab], and in furtherance of this object may, from time to time, make rules to provide for the following matters:-

(a) the definition of the limits of watchmen's beats;

(b) the determination of the several grades of watchmen, and the number of each grade to be appointed to each beat;

(c) the appointment, suspension, dismissal and resignation of watchmen of each grade;

(d) the equipment and discipline of, and the control and supervision over, such watchmen;

(e) the conferring upon them, and the exercise by them, of any powers and the enjoyment by them of any protection or privilege, which may be exercised and enjoyed by a police-officer under any law for the time being in force;

(f) the performance by them of such duties relating to police, sanitation or statistics, or for the benefit of the village communities or municipalities within their respective beats, as ^[17][the Provincial Government] thinks fit;

(g) the exercise of authority over, and the rendering of aid to, such watchmen by headmen of the villages or members of the Municipal committees of the towns comprised in their respective beats;

(h) the performance, by the headmen of villages comprised in the beat of any watchman, of any of the duties of a village-watchman in aid of, or substitution for, such watchman;

(i) the exercise, by such village-headmen or the purposes referred to in clauses (g) and (h), or by members of Municipal Committees for the purposes referred to in clause (g) of this section, of any of the powers, and the enjoyment by such headmen or members of any privilege or protection, of a village-watchman or a municipal watchman, as the case may be;

(j) the determination of the rate at which and the mode in which, watchmen shall be paid, and, in the case of village watchmen, of the mode in which their pay, the expenses of their equipment, and other charges connected with the village-watchman system shall be provided for, whether out of cesses or funds already leviable or available in the villages comprised in the beat, or by a special tax in money or kind to be imposed on any class of persons residing or owning property in, or resorting to, such villages, or partly in one of the ways and partly in the other;

(k) the collection with or without the aid of the village headmen, and by any process available for the realisation of the land-revenue, of any tax imposed under clause (j) of this section, and the application of, and the mode of accounting for, the same; and generally for

(l) the efficient working of the system of village-watchmen or municipal watchmen:

Provided--

firstly, that the rules to be made regarding the appointment of village-watchmen shall allow to the headmen of the villages comprised in the beat to which such a watchman is to be appointed a power of nomination, to be exercised in such a manner and subject to such reasonable conditions as may be prescribed by such rules;

secondly, that the rules to be made under clause (j) of the section with regard to village-watchmen shall include provisions for recording and securing due consideration of the views and opinions on the matters therein referred to of the headmen of the villages comprised in each beat.

39B. Obligation to assist watchmen and headmen -- Person obstructing watchman or headman may be arrested without warrant.-- Every person is bound to render to a village-watchman, or municipal watchman, or village-headman discharging the duties of a police-officer under the rules made hereunder, all the assistance which he is bound to render to a Police-officer.

Any person who obstructs such watchman or headman in the discharge of such duties may be arrested without warrant by a Police-officer or by any watchman or village-headman empowered in this behalf by ^[18][the Provincial Government].

^[19][39C. Power to direct local taxation for payment of police enrolled under Act V of 1861.-- Whenever it seems to ^[20][the Provincial Government] expedient that the duties of watch-and-ward and other internal police-service of any town or village not comprised within the limits of a municipality or within the limits of a village-watchman's beat as defined under the power conferred by section 39A should be performed by police-officers enrolled under ^[21]Act V of 1861, ^[22][the Provincial Government] may direct that the said service shall be so performed, and may also, ^[23][* * *] direct that the charges for the time being fixed by such ^[24][the Provincial Government] on account of such service shall be defrayed by taxes to be levied in such town or village.

39D. Notice of taxes proposed to be levied -- Objections to taxation -- Procedure thereon.-- When ^[25][the Provincial Government] has, under section 39C, directed that taxes shall be levied in any town or village, the Deputy Commissioner may from time to time issue a public notice in such town or village explaining the nature of the taxes he proposes to levy.

Any inhabitant of such town or village objecting to the taxation thus proposed may, within fifteen days from the publication of such notice, send his objection in writing to the Deputy Commissioner.

After the expiry of fifteen days from the publication of the notice, the Deputy commissioner may submit for the information of ^[26][the Provincial Government] a report of the proposal made by him. Such report shall contain specific mention of the objections (if any) urged to his proposal and his opinion on such objections.

No such tax shall be levied until it has, upon such report, been approved by ^[27][the Provincial Government].

39E. Power to fix rates of tax.-- When any such tax has been so approved by ^[28][the Provincial Government], the Deputy Commissioner may from time to time, subject to such rules consistent with this Act as ^[29][the Provincial Government] may from time to time prescribe, determine the rates at which it is to be levied.

39F. Power to make rules for collection of taxes.-- ^[30][The Provincial Government] may from time to time make rules to provide for the collection of such taxes by any process available for the realisation of the land-revenue and to regulate the application and mode of accounting for the same.

39G. [Validation clause]. Rep. by the Amending Act, 1891 (XII of 1891).

HONORARY POLICE-OFFICERS

40. Provincial Government may confer powers of Police-officer.-- ^[31][The Provincial Government] may, if it thinks fit, confer on any person any of the powers which may be exercised by a Police-officer under any Act for the time being in force, ^[32][and may withdraw any power so conferred].

TRACK LAW

41. Trackers may call for assistance in carrying on tracks.-- When an offence is, has been, or may reasonably be supposed to have been committed, and the tracks of the persons who may reasonably be supposed to have committed such offence, or of any animal or other property reasonably supposed to be connected with such offence, are followed to a spot within the immediate vicinity of a village, the person following such tracks may call upon any headman or village-watchman in such village to assist in carrying on the tracks.

42. Penalty for withholding assistance or conniving at offence or escape -- Limit to fine -- Appeal to High Court -- Fine may be awarded to injured parties, and fee to tracker.-- If such headman or watchman does not forthwith give such assistance, or if the inhabitants of such village do not afford full opportunity for search in their houses for the offenders, or, if from the circumstances of the case, there shall appear good reason to believe that the inhabitants of such village, or any of them were conniving at the offence or at the escape of the offenders, and such offenders cannot be traced beyond the village, the Magistrate of the District may, with the previous sanction of the Commissioner of the Division inflict a fine upon such village not exceeding five hundred rupees, except in the case of stolen property over five hundred rupees in value, in which case the fine shall not exceed the value of such property.

An appeal against all convictions under this section shall lie to the ^[33][Lahore High Court, Lahore].

The Magistrate may direct that the fine imposed under this section or any part thereof shall be awarded to any persons injured by such offence in compensation for such injury; and, in the case of stolen property recovered through the agency of a tracker, may direct that such property be not restored to its owner until he has paid to such tracker such fee, not exceeding one-fourth part of the value of the stolen property, as the said Magistrate seems fit.

SLAUGHTER OF KINE

43. [Control of Slaughter of Kine and sale of beef]. Rep. by Pb. Ord. VIII of 1970.

ARMED MEN AND FOREIGN VAGRANTS

44. Control of entry into towns of bands of armed men.-- No band of armed men shall enter into any city or town, except ^[34][* * *] subject to rules to be from time to time, either generally or in any particular instance, prescribed by ^[35][the Provincial Government].

45. Powers of Magistrate of District as to foreign vagrants.-- The Magistrate of the District may, if he considers that any band of foreign vagrants is likely to occasion a breach of the peace or to commit any offence under the Pakistan Penal Code^[36], prohibit such band from entering his district, or, if they are already in his district, may require them within a given time to leave it.

46. Surveillance, etc., of band failing to comply with Magistrate's order.-- If any such band fail to comply with the orders of the said Magistrate within the prescribed period, he shall report the matter to ^[37][the Provincial Government], and ^[38][the Provincial Government] may give such directions for the surveillance, control or deportation of such band as to it seems fit.

MISCELLANEOUS

47. Crossing of streams on buoys or skins.-- No person shall cross any river or stream on a buoy or inflated skin nor shall have in his possession or custody any buoy or skin for the purpose of being used in crossing any river or stream, except ^[39][* * *] subject to rules to be from time to time either generally or in any particular instance, prescribed by ^[40][the Provincial Government].

48. Use of pasturage or natural product of Government land.-- No person shall make use of the pasturage or other natural product of any land being the property of ^[41][the Government], except with the consent and subject to rules to be from time to time, either generally or in any particular instance, prescribed by ^[42][the government concerned].

49. [Growing, selling or keeping opium]. Rep. by the Opium Act, 1878 (I of 1878), section 2 and Schedule.

^[43][50. Power to make rules as to matters mentioned in sections 43 to 48 -- Existing rules.-- ^[44][The Provincial Government] may from time to time make rules as to the matters mentioned in ^[45][sections 43 to 48] inclusive.

All existing rules upon such matters, which might have been made under this section had it been in force, shall be deemed to have been made hereunder.

50A. Conditions of validity of rules hereafter made under this Act.-- ^[46][Rules made under this Act shall not be valid unless]:-

(a) they are consistent with the laws for the time being in force in ^[47][the Punjab];

(b) they are published in the official Gazette;

^[48][(c) * * * * * * * * * * *]

50B. Penalties for breach of such rules.-- ^[49][The Provincial Government] may in making any rule under any of the powers conferred by this Act, attach to the breach of it, in addition to any other consequences that would ensue from such breach, a punishment on conviction before a Magistrate not exceeding six months' imprisonment, or three hundred rupees fine or both].

^[50][51. Republication of rules and orders.-- All rules which ^[51][the Provincial Government] is empowered to issue under this Act, and all circulars issued by the ^[52][Lahore High Court, Lahore], shall be republished from time to time by ^[53][the Provincial Government], and upon such republication, shall be arranged in the order of their subject-matter, and all such alterations or amendments as may have been made since the last preceding publication thereof, or may have become necessary or advisable, shall be embodied therewith, and upon such republication all such rules and circulars previously issued shall be repealed].

52. [Recovery of advances made by Government]. Rep. by the Northern India Takkavi Act, 1879 (X of 1879).

SCHEDULE I

ENACTMENTS DECLARED TO BE IN FORCE

Explanation-- This schedule does not refer to any Act which is in its terms applicable to ^[54][the Punjab], or which has been extended to ^[55][the Punjab] by competent authority.

No. and year	Title	Extent to which the enactment is in force
Reg. I of 1798.	A regulation to prevent Fraud and injustice in Conditional Sales of Land under Deeds of bai-bil-wuffa, or other Deeds of the same nature.	The whole, except such parts as relate to interest.
[56][* * *	* * *	* *]
Reg. XVII of 1806.	A Regulation for extending to the Province of Benares the Rates of Interest on future Loans and provisions relative thereto, contained in Regulation XV, 1793; also for a general extension of the period fixed by Regulations I, 1798, and XXXIV, 1803, for the redemption of Mortgages and Conditional Sale of Land, under Deeds of bai-bil-wuffa Kutcubaleh, or other similar designation.	Sections 7 & 8
Reg. III of 1818	A Regulation for the Confinement of State Prisoners.	The whole.
Reg. XI of 1825.	A Regulation for declaring the Rules to be observed in determining claims to Lands gained by alluvion or by dereliction of a river or the sea.	The whole.
[57][* *	* * * *	* *]
..	Rules for the conservancy of Forests and Jungles in the Hill Districts of the Punjab Territories, sanctioned by the Governor-General in Council in letter of the Secretary to the Government of India, No. 1789, 21st May, 1855.	The whole.

SCHEDULE II

[ENACTMENTS REPEALED]

Rep. by the Second Repealing and Amending Act, 1914

(XVII of 1914).