Pakistan (Punjab) Legislation

THE PUNJAB USURIOUS LOANS ORDINANCE, 1959

(W.P. Ordinance XVIII of 1959)

Sections

1. Short title and extent.

2. Definitions.

3. Application of the Ordinance.

4. Re-opening of transactions.

5. Insolvency proceedings.

6. Repeal.

SCHEDULE

^[1]THE ^[2][PUNJAB] USURIOUS LOANS ORDINANCE, 1959

(W.P. Ordinance XVIII of 1959)

[1 April 1959]

An Ordinance to consolidate the law relating to usurious loans in the Province of ^[3][the Punjab]

Preamble.-- WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate the law relating to usurious loans in the Province of ^[4][the Punjab].

Now, THEREFORE, in pursuance of the Presidential Proclamation of the 7th day of October, 1958, and in exercise of all powers enabling him in that behalf, the Governor of West Pakistan is pleased to make and promulgate the following Ordinance:-

1. Short title and extent.-- (1) This Ordinance may be called ^[5][the Punjab] Usurious Loans Ordinance, 1959.

^[6][(2) It extends to the whole of the Province of ^[7][the Punjab], except the Tribal Areas.]

2. Definitions.-- In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions shall have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say--

(a) "interest" means rate of interest and includes the return to be made over and above what was actually lent, whether the same is charged or sought to be recovered specifically by way of interest or otherwise;

(b) "loan" means a loan whether of money or in kind and includes any transaction which is in the opinion of the Court, in substance a loan.

3. Application of the Ordinance.-- This Ordinance shall apply to all suits pending on or instituted after its commencement namely:-

(a) for the recovery of a loan made after the twenty-second day of March, Nineteen Hundred and Eighteen;

(b) for the enforcement of any security taken or any agreement whether by way of settlement of account or otherwise, made after the twenty-second day of March, Nineteen Hundred and Eighteen, in respect of any loan made either before or after the said date; and

(c) for the redemption of any security given after the twenty-second day of March, Nineteen Hundred and Eighteen, in respect of any loan made whether before or after the said date.

4. Re-opening of transactions.-- (1) Notwithstanding anything in the Usury Laws Repeal Act, 1855^[8], where, in any suit to which this Ordinance applies, whether heard ex parte or otherwise, the Court has reason to believe--

(a) that the interest is excessive; or

(b) that the transaction was, as between the parties thereto, substantially unfair,

the Court shall exercise all or any of the following powers:-

(i) re-open the transaction, take an account between the parties, and relieve the debtor of all liability in respect of any excessive interest;

(ii) notwithstanding any agreement, purporting to close previous dealings and to create a new obligation, re-open any account already taken between them and relieve the debtor of all liability in respect of any excessive interest, and if anything has been paid or allowed in the account in respect of such liability, order the creditor to repay any sum which it considers to be repayable in respect thereof;

(iii) set aside either wholly or in part or revise or alter any security given or agreement made in respect of any loan, and if the creditor has parted with the security, order him to indemnify the debtor in such manner and to such extent as it may deem just:

Provided that in the exercise of these powers, the Court shall not--

(i) re-open any agreement purporting to close previous dealings and to create a new obligation which has been entered into by the parties or any persons from whom they claim at a date more than twelve years from the date of the transaction;

(ii) do anything which affects any decree of a Court.

Explanation-- In the case of a suit brought on a series of transactions the expression "the transaction" means, for the purposes of proviso (i), the first of such transactions.

(2) (a) In this section "excessive" means in excess of that which the Court deems to be reasonable having regard to the risk incurred as it appeared, or must be taken to have appeared, to the creditor at the date of the loan;

(b) In considering whether interest is excessive under this section, the Court shall take into account any amount charged or paid, whether in money or in kind, for expenses, inquiries, fines, bonuses, premia, renewals or any other charges, and if compound interest is charged, the periods at which it is calculated and the total advantage which may reasonably be taken to have been expected from the transactions.

(c) In considering the question of risk, the Court shall take into account the presence or absence of security and the value thereof, the financial condition of the debtor and the result of any previous transactions of the debtor, by way of loan, so far as the same were known, or must be taken to have been known, to the creditor.

(d) In considering whether a transaction was substantially unfair, the Court shall take into account all circumstances materially affecting the relations of the parties at the time of the loan or tending to show that the transaction was unfair, including the necessities or supposed necessities of the debtor at the time of the loan so far as the same were known, or must be taken to have been known, to the creditor.

Explanation-- Interest may of itself be sufficient evidence that the transaction was substantially unfair.

(e) The Court shall deem interest to be excessive if it exceeds seven and a half per centum per annum simple interest or is more than two per centum over the bank rate, whichever is higher at the time of taking the loan, in the case of secured loans, or twelve and a half per centum per annum simple interest in the case of unsecured loans:

Provided that the provisions of this clause shall not apply if the loan has been advanced by any bank which is a 'scheduled bank' as defined in the State Bank of Pakistan Act, 1956^[9], or any banking company registered under the Companies Act, 1913^[10], ^[11][* * *] or any Co-operative Society duly registered under any law for the time being in force ^[12][, or credit institution to be notified by Government in this behalf.]

(3) Whatever be the form of the suit this section shall apply if such suit is substantially one for the recovery of a loan or for the enforcement of any agreement or security in respect of a loan or for the redemption of any such security.

(4) Nothing in this section shall affect the rights of any transferee for value who satisfies the Court that the transfer to him was bona fide, and that he had at the time of such transfer no notice of any fact which would have entitled the debtor as against the lender to relief under this section.

For the purposes of this sub-section, the word "notice" shall have the same meaning as is ascribed to it in section 4 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882^[13].

(5) Nothing in this section shall be construed as derogating from the existing power or jurisdiction of any Court.

5. Insolvency proceedings.-- On any application relating to the admission or amount of a proof of a loan in any insolvency proceedings, the Court may exercise the like powers as may be exercised under section 3 by a Court in a suit to which this Ordinance applies.

6. Repeal.-- The enactments specified in the Schedule are hereby repealed to the extent mentioned in the fourth column thereof.

SCHEDULE

Year	No.	Short title	Extent of Repeal
1	2	3	4
1918	X	The Usurious Loans Act, 1918	The whole.
1934	VII	The Punjab Relief of Indebtedness Act, 1934.	Sections 5 and 6
1935	IV	The Usurious Loans (North-West Frontier Province Amendment) Act, 1935.	The whole.